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NP Boards > Chapter 6: Thyroid Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Thyroid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mnemonic for hypothyroidism clinical presentation

A

M- Memory loss
O- Obesity
M- Menorrhagia
S- Slowness
S- skin and hair dryness
O- onset gradual
T- tiredness
I- intolerance to cold
R- raised BP
E- energy levels fall
D- depression/ delayed relaxation phase of all reflexes

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2
Q

Etiology of Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

most common cause of hypothyroidism; autoimmune in origin, discovered once thyroid is largely destroyed and non-functional

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3
Q

Etiology of post-radioactive iodine treatment

A

Status post Graves’ disease treatment, SP thyroid cancer treatment

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4
Q

What is the mnemonic for hyperthyroidism clinical presentation

A

S- Sweating
W- Weight loss
E- emotional lability “mind racing”, memory alteration
A- Appetite increased, but losing weight
T- tremor/ tachycardia
I- intolerance of heat, irregular menstruation, irritability
N- nervousness
G- goiter
G- GI problems

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5
Q

Etiology of Graves disease

A

Most common; autoimmune in nature. exophthalmos, goiter

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6
Q

Etiology of toxic adenoma

A

Benign (nonmalignant), metabolically-active thyroid nodule. palpable mass but no exopthalmos

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7
Q

Etiology of toxic adenoma

A

benign, palpable unilateral mass without exophthalmos

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8
Q

Etiology of thyroiditis

A

Usually transient. Viral, autoimmune, postpartum, drug-induced. Thyroid tenderness

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9
Q

Clinical presentation: hypo/hyper/both
dry skin

A

hypo

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10
Q

Clinical presentation: hypo/hyper/both
fine tremor

A

hyper

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11
Q

Clinical presentation: hypo/hyper/both
hypoactive deep tendon reflexes

A

hypor

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12
Q

Clinical presentation: hypo/hyper/both
hypoactive DTR

A

hypo

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13
Q

Clinical presentation: hypo/hyper/both
mood or mentation change

A

both

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14
Q

Clinical presentation: hypo/hyper/both
menorrhagi

A

hypo

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15
Q

Clinical presentation: hypo/hyper/both
menorrhagia

A

hypo

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16
Q

Clinical presentation: hypo/hyper/both
exophthalmos

A

hyper

17
Q

Normal range/ purpose of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

0.4-4.0
evaluates the amount of TSH released by pituitary’s anterior lobe
Single most reliable test to diagnose all forms of thyroid disease

18
Q

Normal range/ purpose of Free T4

A

10-27
Follow up test to confirm, support the diagnosis of thyroid disease in the face of an abnormal TSH

19
Q

Normal range/ purpose of TPO Ab

A

NL <35
measures an antibody against peroxidase, an enzyme held within the thyroid.
A test to help detect autoimmune thyroid disease

20
Q

Lab results expected for hypothyroidism

A

T4= low
TSH= high

21
Q

What is the intervention for hypothyroidism

A

levothyroxine

22
Q

When to do you recheck TSH after starting levothyroxine

A

Check TSH after 8 weeks. If it remains elevated, consider how it is being taken.
if TSH > 4; increase by 12.5-25 –> recheck in 8 weeks
if TSH < 0.5; decrease by 12.5-25 –> recheck in 8 weeks

23
Q

Lab results expected for hyperthyroidism

A

T4= high
TSH= low

24
Q

What is the intervention of hyperthyroidism

A

Beta blockers to counteract tachycardia
Methimazole or PTU
RAI
Consult endocrine

25
Q

Lab results expected for subclinical hypothyroidism

A

TSH= high
T4= normal

26
Q

What is the treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine if TSH >5 and with symptoms

27
Q

What is a thyroid nodule

A

palpable thyroid mass

28
Q

What is the risk of a palpable thyroid nodule being a malignant lesion

A

5%; present the same

29
Q

What are the findings most consistent with a malignant thyroid nodule

A

history of head or neck irradiation
size larger than 4 cm
firmness, nontender on palpation
relatively fixed position
persistent nontender cervical lymphadenopathy
dysphonia
hemoptysis

NP Boards (8 decks)

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