Chapter 2 Secondary and Primary prevention Flashcards
Goal/ Example of primary prevention
Preventing the health problem, the most cost-effective form of healthcare.
Immunizations, counseling about safety
Goal/Example of secondary prevention
Detecting disease in early, asymptomatic, or preclinical state to minimize its impact.
Screening tests, such as BP check, mammography, colonoscopy
Goal/Example of tertiary prevention
Minimizing negative disease-induced outcomes
In established disease, adjusting therapy to avoid further target organ damage.
When should immunizations be deferred?
moderate-to-severe illness with or without fever
What is active immunization?
Resistance developed in response to a vaccine and usually characterized by the presence of an antibody produced by host. Protection on board in anticipation of possible exposure.
What is passive immunization?
immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host by administration of an antibody-containing preparation. Given postexposure to select infecting agents, patient needs to present with risk or report of exposure
What are examples of live vaccines and who cannot have them?
MMR, Varicella, Intranasal influenza virus
pregnancy, severe immunocompromised state
What are the screening recommendations for colorectal cancer?
Starting at age 45 annual FIT test, colonoscopy every 10 years. Can stop at 75.
What are the screening recommendations for lung cancer?
Annual low-dose CT for 55-74 with a greater than 30 pack-year smoking history or if it has been less than 15 years since quitting.
What are the screening recommendations for breast cancer?
ages 45-54 years: annual mammogram
greater than 75: insufficient evidence
What are the screening recommendations for cervical cancer?
Age to begin: 21 PAP q 3 years
HPV (every 5 years)
Stop at age 65
TB test >5mm
HIV, recent contact with a TB positive person, organ transplant
TB test > 10
Immigrant from high-prevalence countries, IV drug use, hospital worker
TB test > 15
Everyone is positive
