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NP Boards > Chapter 3 Hematology > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Microcytic

A

Small cell: MCV < 80

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2
Q

Normocytic

A

Normal size: MCV= 80-96

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3
Q

Macrocytic

A

Abnormally large cell: MCV > 96

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4
Q

Normochromic

A

Normal color: MCHC = 31-37

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5
Q

Hypochromic

A

Pale: MCHC < 31

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6
Q

What is the RDW?

A

An index variation in RBC size. Greater than 15% indicates that new cells differ in size when compared with older cells

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7
Q

How are the MCV and RDW interpreted together?

A

In an evolving microcytic anemia, as MCV decreases, RDW increases
In an evolving macrocytic anemia, as MCV increases, RDW increases

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8
Q

What is the first line treatment for all anemias?

A

Treat the underlying cause

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9
Q

What are the most common causes of Normocytic normochromic anemia with NL RDW?

A

Anemia of chronic disease
Chronic Kidney disease
Acute blood loss

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10
Q

What are the lab value norms for normocytic normochromic anemia?

A

HB= low
HCT= low
RBC= low
MVC= NL
MCHC= NL
RDW= NL

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11
Q

What are the most common causes of Microcytic hypochromic anemia with elevated RDW?

A

Iron deficiency
Plumbism (lead toxicity)

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12
Q

What are the lab value norms for microcytic hypochromic anemia with elevated RDW?

A

HB= low
HCT= low
RBC= low
MCV= low
MCHC= low
RDW= high

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13
Q

What are the most common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia with normal RDW?

A

Alpha or beta thalassemia minor

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14
Q

What are the at-risk ethnic groups for alpha thalassemia minor

A

Asian, African ancestry

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15
Q

What are the at-risk ethic groups for beta thalassemia minor

A

African, Mediterranean, middle eastern

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16
Q

What are the lab value norms for microcytic hypochromic anemia with NL RDW?

A

HB= low
HCT= low
RBC= high
MCV= low
MCHC= low
RDW= NL

17
Q

What is the next step test for microcytic hypochromic anemia with NL RDW

A

hemoglobin electrophoresis

18
Q

What are the most common causes of macrocytic normochromic anemia with elevated RDW

A

vitamin B12 deficiency especially pernicious anemia
folate deficiency anemia

19
Q

What are the lab value norms for macrocytic normochromic anemia with elevated RDW

A

HB= low
HCT= low
RBC= low
MCV= high
MCHC= NL
RDW= high

20
Q

What is the next step test for macrocytic normochromic anemia with elevated RDW

A

Serum vitamin B12 and RBC folate

21
Q

What are the common causes of drug-induced macrocytosis without anemia

A

alcohol (excess)
antiepileptic drugs

22
Q

What are the lab value norms for drug-induced macrocytosis without anemia?

A

HB= NL
HCT= NL
RBC= NL
MCV= high
MCHC= NL
RDW= NL

23
Q

What is the most common type of anemia in childhood, pregnancy and women during reproductive years?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

24
Q

What is the most common type of anemia in the elderly?

A

Anemia of chronic disease

25
Q

What should a person on a vegan diet supplement with?

A

Vitamin B12

26
Q

What is the name of the murmur on a patient that has not been previously identified? It is present with anemia.

A

Hemic

27
Q

Ginseng, Gingko, Fish oil, Garlic

A

potentially associated with increased bleeding risk

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