Chapter 5 Dermatologic Disorder Flashcards
Papule
Single, uniformly brown-colored, slightly raised, irregularly shaped with defined boarders
Macule
Single, flat, non-palpable area of discoloration, irregularly shaped, and 0.5 cm at the widest diameter
Cyst
Single, firm, smooth, raised, dome-shaped, fluid-filled, flesh-colored encapsulated lesion of 1.5cm in diameter
Fissure
Linear-like cleavage with sharp walls through the epidermis “itchy and cracked”
Purpura
Flat, non-blanchable, confluent, purple-colored irregularly-shaped lesions on skin ranging in size
Wheal
clustered, smooth, slightly-raised, circumscribed, pruritic skin-colored lesions of various sizes, surrounded by an area of erythema
Linear
in streaks such as noted in phytodermatitis, with vesicular lesions forming, typically a number of hours after exposure to plant oil contained in poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac
Clustered
Occurring in a group without pattern, such as the pattern of vesicular lesions seen in an outbreak of herpes simplex
Scattered
Generalized over body without a specific pattern or distribution, as seen in a viral exanthem such as rubella
Confluent or Coalescent
Multiple lesions blending together, such as plaques seen in severe psoriasis vulgaris
Annular
In a ring, seen in the characteristic “Bull’s Eye” lesion, often with central clearing, seen in Lyme Disease
Actinic Keratosis
scaling flesh colored lesions in a cluster, ranging in size from 3-10 mm on the dorsal aspect of the hand, present for a number of months, reported by a 78 year old man who worked for 40 years as an exterior house painter
Eczema/ Atopic Dermatitis
Intensely pruritic, reddened, thickened, scaly patches 5-10 mm in diameter on the anterior aspects of the lower legs described as being intermittently itchy that has been present for a number of months, reported by a 50 year old man who reports he has had dry and sensitive skin all of his life
Painless ulcerated lesion approx 1.5 cm in diameter that has been present for a number of weeks
need to biopsy to rule of malignancy
Actinic Keratosis
scaling flesh colored lesions in a cluster, ranging in size from 3-10 mm on the dorsal aspect of the hand, present for a number of months, reported by a 78 year old man who worked for 40 years as an exterior house painter
Red, brown, or flesh tone, scaly, often tender but usually minimally symptomatic
Characteristics of basal cell carcinoma
sun-exposed area, more common, new lesion, papule, nodule with or without central erosion, pearly or waxy appearance, usually relatively distinct. low metastatic risk
Squamous cell carcinoma characteristics
less common, sun exposed areas, can arise from actinic keratoses, red, conical hard lesions with or without ulcerations. less distinct boarders. looks “angry”. greater metastatic risk
Malignant melanoma mnemonic
A- asymmetric
B- irregular borders
C- color not uniform
D- diameter (>6mm)
E- evolving & elevated
Treatment for psoriasis vulgaris
medium-potency topical corticosteroid
treatment for scabies
permethrin lotion
treatment for verruca vulgaris
imiquimod cream
treatment for tinea pedis
topical ketoconazole
treatment for rosacea
topical metronidazole
characteristic of eczema
dry, scaly skin, pruritis, and crusted or weeping sores; usually worse during cold, dry weather
characteristic of rosacea
facial redness, swelling and pustular lesions over the nose and cheeks with small visible blood vessles
characterisitcs of rosacea
facial redness, swelling and pustular lesions over the nose and cheeks with small visible blood vessels
characteristic of scabies
acute onset of pruritic, erythematous papules and burrows located over the wrist and hands
Characteristics of pityriasis rosea
solitary salmon-colored patch on the trunk that enlarges over a few days and is followed by a pattern of smaller lesions on the chest, abdomen, and back
Topical treatment of poison ivy
optimal for localized acute contact dermatitis
mild or high potency topical corticosteroids such as triamcinolone. for areas of thinner skin (eyelids, face, genital) use low-potency such a desonide ointment
skin atrophy risk with protracted use
systemic treatment of poison ivy
systemic corticosteroid preferred when >20% of total body surface area is affected, severe rash, or if rash impacts face, genitals, hands
prednisone 0.5-1 mg/kg/day PO for 5-7 days
Adjunctive therapy for both systemic and topical treatment
cool compresses to relieve symptoms, calamine lotion and oatmeal baths
OTC analgesics
antihistamines
presentation of impetigo-nonbullous
erythematous macule that rapidly evolves into vesicle or pustule, ruptures, content dry, leaving a crusted, honey colored exudate
treatment of impetigo-nonbullous
topical mupirocin
presentation of impetigo- bullous
bulla contains clear, yellow fluid that turns cloudy, dark yellow. bullae rupture easily within 1-3 days leaving a rim of scale around red, moist base, followed by a brown- lcaquered or scalded skin apprearance
treatment of impetigo- bullous
usually requires systemic antimicrobial treatment
presentation of cellulities
infection of dermis and subcutaneous fat usually includes heat, redness, and discomfort in the region
presentation of cellulitis
infection of dermis and subcutaneous fat usually includes heat, redness, and discomfort in the region
treatment of cellulitis
requires systemic antimicrobial therapy
presentation of cutaneous abscess
skin infection involving a hair follicle and surrounding tissue- heat, redness and discomfort
treatment of abscess
treatment varies.
moderate- i & D with culture; empiric RX usually TMP or doxycycline
mild- I&D; warm compresses
