Chapter 6 - The Cardiorespiratory, Endocrine, and Digestive Systems Flashcards
A system of the body composed of two closely related systems that work together to provide the body with adequate oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products such as CO2 from cells in the body.
Specifically:
-The cardiovascular system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
and
-The respiratory system consisting of trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and the lungs
cardiorespiratory system
A system of the body composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels that transport the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.
cardiovascular system
A hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction.
heart
- Dark bands between cardiac muscle cells
- Help hold muscle cells together during contraction and create an electrical connection between the cells that allows the heart to contract as one functional unit.
intercalated discs
The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organ of the chest except the lungs.
mediastinum
What are the two pumps in the heart separated by?
- Interatrial septum (separates the atria)
2. Interventricular septum (separates the ventricles)
Right side of heart that receives blood from the body low in O2, and high in CO2 (deoxygenated) and pumps it to the lungs and then back to the left atria
Pulmonary
Left side of the heart that pumps high in O2 and low in CO2 (oxygenated) to the rest of the body
Systemic
What are the two types of valves called that prevent backflow or spillage of blood back into the heart chambers.
- Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral valves)
2. Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves)
What are the three types of cells in blood and what are their functions?
- Red blood cells: carry O2 from the lungs throughout the body
- White blood cells: help fight infection
- Platelets: help with clotting
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
- Arteries
- Capillaries
- Veins
What are the two phases of breathing (ventilation)?
- Inspiration (or inhalation)
2. Expiration (or exhalation)
Describe the difference between “normal, resting-state” breathing and “heavy, deep, forced” breathing.
- Normal resting state breathing: quiet, uses primary respiratory muscles (diaphragm, external intercostals)
- Heavy deep forced breathing: requires additional use of the secondary respiratory muscles (scalenes, pectoralis minor)
- Consist of all structures that air travels through before entering the respiratory airways. Allows incoming air to be purified, humidified (or moisture added) and warmed or cooled to match body temperature.
- Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, right and left pulmonary bronchi, bronchioles
Conducting airways
- Collects the channeled air coming from the conducting airway
- Consists of: alveoli, alveolar sacs (located at the end of bronchioles)
Respiratory airways
The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues in the body. “Gases such as oxygen or carbon dioxide are transported in and out of the bloodstream”
Diffusion