Chapter 15 - Cardiorespiratory Training Concepts Flashcards
What is cardiorespiratory fitness?
The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen-rich blood to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity.
What is integrated cardiorespiratory training?
Cardiorespiratory training programs that systematically progresses clients through various stages to achieve optimal levels of physiologic, physical, and performance adaptations by placing stress on the cardiorespiratory system.
Why is rate of progression important to monitor?
- Critical to helping clients achieve their personal health and fitness goals in the most efficient and effective use of time and energy.
- If progression is too fast, could lead to injury
- If progression it too slow, could lead to poor exercise adherence.
True or False: An individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness level is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality.
True
What does the warm-up phase do?
Warm-up phase: Prepares the body for physical activity.
Describe the general warm-up phase. Give an example.
General Warm-Up Phase: Low-intensity exercise consisting of movement that does not necessarily relate to the intense exercise that is to follow.
- Example: Walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bike before weight training
Describe the specific warm-up phase. Give an example.
Specific warm-up phase: Low-intensity exercise consisting of movements that mimic those that will be included in the more intense exercise that is to follow.
- Example: Performing bodyweight squats and push-ups before weight training
Describe the cardiorespiratory portion of warm-up phase:
- Typically lasts between 5-10 minutes
- Consists of whole-body, dynamic cardiovascular or muscular movements
- (well below the anticipated training intensity threshold for conditioning).
What is the purpose of the warm-up phase?
- Increase heart and respiratory rates
- Increase tissue temperature
- Psychologically prepare the individual for high training intensities.
List three types of warm-up activities.
- Self-myofascial release
- Static (active-isolated or dynamic) stretching
- Cardio exercise
True or false: For new clients who are sedentary, have health limitations, or those with limited previous exercise experience may require half or more of their dedicated workout time to be directed towards warm-up activities.
True
How long should a person spend on each muscle during the use of SMR (in any phase of the OPT Model)?
30 seconds
How long should a person spend on each muscle during static stretching (stabilization phase warm-up)?
30 seconds
For stabilization level warm-up, how long should a person spend on cardiorespiratory exercise (CRE) (in any phase of the OPT Model)?
5-10 minutes
How long should a person spend on each muscle during active-isolated stretching (strength phase warm-up)?
- 1-2 seconds
- 5-10 repetitions for each muscle
How long should a person spend on each muscle during dynamic stretching (power phase warm-up)? How can it be performed where it can eliminate the need for CRE warm-up?
- 10 repetitions of each side
- Can be performed in a circuit format, one after another, which eliminates the need for a CRE warm-up.
List some benefits of cardiorespiratory exercise.
- Stronger, more efficient heart
- Reduced risk of heart disease
- Lower resting heart rate
- Lower heart rate at any given level of work
- Improvement of lung ventilation due to more efficient breathing
- Stronger respiratory muscles (intercostals)
- Thicker articular cartilage and bones with weight-bearing aerobic exercises
- Improved oxygen transport
- Reduced cholesterol levels
- Reduced arterial blood pressure
- Improved fuel supply via improved ability to use fatty acids, sparing muscle glycogen stores
- Improved ability of muscles to use oxygen
- Improved mental alertness
- Reduced tendency for depression and anxiety
- Improved ability to relax and sleep
- Improved tolerance to stress
- Increase in lean body mass
- Increase in metabolic rate
- Reduced risk of obesity or diabetes mellitus
What is the purpose of a cool-down phase?
Provides the body with a smooth transition from exercise back to a steady state of rest
What are the goals/benefits of the cool-down Phase?
- Reduce heart and breathing rates
- Gradually cool body temperature
- Return muscles to their optimal length-tension relationships
- Prevents venous pooling of blood in lower extremities (which may cause dizziness or fainting)
- Restore physiologic systems close to the baseline
What is a sufficient amount of time for the cool-down phase?
5-10 minutes
What are some physiological changes that occur during exercise?
During intense, vigorous exercise:
- Circulation of blood increases up to as much as 80-85% of cardiac output (at rest, usually only 15-20% of circulating blood reaches cardiac muscle)
- Blood is shunted away from major organs (kidneys, liver, stomach and intestines) and redirected to the skin to promote heat loss
- Blood plasma volume also decreases with the onset of exercise and as exercise continues, increased blood pressure forces water from the vascular compartment to the interstitial space (during prolonged, plasma volume can decrease as much as 10-20%)
What does the FITTE principle stand for?
Frequency: number of training session in a given timeframe
Intensity: The level of demand hat a given activity places on the body
Time: The length of time an individual is engaged in a given activity
Type: The type or mode of physical activity that an individual is engaged in
Enjoyment: The amount of pleasure derived from performing a physical activity