Chapter 6 - Structural Organisation In Animals Flashcards
The body of hydra is made up of _________ cells .
Different types
All complex organisms are made of only _________ basic types of tissues .
4
The tissues are organised in specific _____ and ______ to form an organ
Proportions and pattern
The 4 animal tissues are -
Epithelial
Muscular
Connective
Neural
This tissue has a free surface which faces either a body fluid or the outside environment .
Epithelial tissue
Cells of epithelial tissue have ________ intercellular matrix .
Little ( they are compactly packed )
_______ epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells .
Simple
Functions of simple epithelial tissue -
Lining for body cavities ,ducts ad tubes
_______ epithelium has a PROTECTIVE function .
Compound
Compound epithelium has _______ cell layer/layers .
2 or more
The protective function in our SKIN is carried out by which tissue -
Compound EPITHELIUM
How many types of simple epitheliums are there -
3
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
_______ is made of a single layer of cells with IRREGULAR BOUNDARIES .
Simple squamous epithelium
Squamous epithelium is found in the walls of _______ and _______ of LUNGS .
BLOOD VESSEL
AIR SACS
Function of squamous epithelium -
Formation of diffusion boundaries
_______ is composed of a single layer of cube-like cells .
Cuboidal epithelium
Tissue found in the tubular parts of nephrons -
Cuboidal epithelium ( simple )
_______ epithelium is found in the ducts of glands .
Cuboidal
Places where cuboidal epithelium is found -
Ducts of glands
Tubular parts of nephrons in the kidney
Main functions of cuboidal epithelium -
Secretion and absorption
The epithelium of PCT of nephrons has _______ .
Microvilli
Which tissue is found in the PCT of nephron -
Simple CUBOIDAL epithelium ( with microvilli )
Tissue composed of a single layer of tall and slender cell -
Simple Columnar epithelium
Where are the nuclei of columnar epithelium situated ?
At the base
The free surface of columnar epithelium may have _________ .
Microvilli
Tissue lining the stomach and intestine -
Simple COLUMNAR epithelium
Function of columnar epithelium -
Secretion and absorption
Parts where cuboidal epithelium with microvilli are found -
Lining of stomach and intestines .
______ and ______ cells when bear cilia , are called ciliated epithelium .
Columnar
Cuboidal
Their function is to move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium -
Ciliated epithelium
Inner surface of hollow organs has which epithelium -
Ciliated ( columnar )
.where are the ciliated epithelium present ?
Inner walls of hollow organs like bronchioles and Fallopian tube
some of the ________ or_______ cells get specialised for SECRETION and are called GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM .
Cuboidal
Columnar
Types of glandular epithelium -
2
Unicellular -isolated (GOBLET CELLS )
Multicellular -clustered (salivary glands )
Glandular epithelium is a type of ________ epithelium .
Columnar Or cuboidal
Goblet cells are found in the -
Alimentary canal
Example of isolated glandular cell -
Goblet ( unicellular )
Where are clusters of glandular epithelium found -
Salivary gland
On what basis are the glands divided into exocrine and endocrine -
Basis of mode of pouring their secretions
Exocrine glands secrete -
Mucus , saliva , earwax , oil , milk and digestive enzymes
The products of ______ glands are released through tubes or ducts .
Exocrine
_______ epithelium has a limited role in secretion and absorption . Why ?
Compound epithelium
Becoz it is multilayered
Main function of compound epithelium -
Protection against chemical and mechanical stresses
They cover dry surface of the skin .
Compound epithelium
Moist surface of buccal cavity is lined by which epithelium -
Compound
Pharynx has which epithelium -
Compound
Inner lining of PANCREATIC DUCT has ____ epithelium .
Compound
Inner lining of ducts of SALIVARY GLANDS is covered by -
Compound epithelium
Parts where compound epithelium is found -
Dry surface of skin
Moist surface of buccal cavity
Pharynx
Inner lining of ducts of salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts
All cells in ______ tissue are held together with little intercellular material .
Epithelial
Cell junctions are found in the _________ .
Epithelium
3 types of cell junctions -
Gap
Tight
Adhering
________ junctions help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue .
Tight
_____ junctions perform cementing to keep neighbouring cells together .
Adherin
_______ junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each other .
Gap
____________ junction connect cytoplasm of adjoining cells for rapid transfer of ions and small and big molecules .
Gap
Meaning of pliable -
Flexible
In all connective tissues ( except blood , the cells secrete fibres of structural proteins called -
Collagen or elastin
Which connective tissue is devoid of collagen -
Blood
The fibres of connective tissue provide ____ ,____ and_____ to the tissue .
Strength
Elasticity
Flexibility
Matrix is a modified _______ .
Polysaccharide
What do the cells of connective tissue secrete -
Modified polysaccharides ( matrix ) Fibres of structural proteins ( collagen or elastin )
Connective tissue cells secrete modified polysaccharides which accumulate between cells and fibres and act as _______
Matrix-ground substance
Types of connective tissue-
3
Loose
Dense
Specialised
_________ tissue has cells and fibres loosely arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance .
Loose connective
Types of loose connective tissue -
2
Areolar
Adipose
Adipose tissue is an example of -
Loose connective tissue
______ tissue is present beneath the skin and serves as a support framework for epithelium .
Areolar
Cells that produce and secrete fibres -
Fibroblasts
Components o areolar connective tissue -
3
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells
Adipose tissue is found where ?
Beneath the skin
_______ tissues store fats.
Adipose
_____ and ______ are compactly packed in the dense connective tissue .
Fibres
Fibroblasts
On what basis are dense connective tissues divided into regular and irregular ?
On the orientation of fibres
In __________ connective tissues , collagen fibres are present in rows between many parallel bundles of fibres .
Dense regular
Examples of dense REGULAR connective tissue -
Tendons ( muscles to bones )
ligaments ( bone to bone )
Ligament is a ______ connective tissue .
Dense regular
_______ connective tissue has fibroblasts and many fibres ( mostly collagen ) that are oriented differently .
Dense irregular
Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the -
Skin
Specialised connective tissues are -
3
Cartilage
Bones
Blood
Cartilage is which type of tissue-
Specialised connective
Bone is which type o f tissue -
Specialised connective
Intercellular material in ________ is solid and pliable and resists compression .
Cartilage
Cells of cartilage -
Chondrocytes
Cells of this tissue ( chondrocytes ) are enclosed in small cavities within the matrix secreted by them .
Cartilage
______ is present between adjacent bones of the vertebral column
Cartilage
Bones have a hard and _____ ground substance rich in calcium salts and collagen fibres .
Non-pliable( not flexible )
_______ give bone its strength .
Collagen
Main tissue that provides structural frame to the body .
Bone
Bone cells are present in spaces called -
Lacunae
Bone cells -
Osteocytes
Blood is a _____ tissue .
Fluid connective
Components of blood -
Plasma
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
Tissue present in the outer ear joints -
Cartilage
Each muscle is made of many long , cylindrical fibres arranged in ________ .
Parallel arrays
Muscle fibres are composed of numerous fine _____ .
Fibrils - called MYOFIBRILS
In which muscles are striated skeletal muscle fibres bundled together in a parallel fashion ?
Biceps
Biceps are striated / smooth -
Striated - skeletal muscle -voluntary
A sheath of tough __________ encloses several bundles of muscle fibres .
Tough connective
_____ muscle fibres taper at both ends ( fusiform ) .
Smooth
Shape of smooth muscle fibres -
Fusiform
________ hold together smooth muscles .
Cell junctions
Where are smooth muscle tissues found in our body ?
Wall of internal organs such as blood vessels , stomach and intestines .
_____ muscles are found in the walls of internal organs .
Smooth
CARDIAC muscle tissue is a ______ tissue found only in the heart .
Contractile
Cell junctions fuse the ________ of cardiac muscle cells and make them stick together .
Plasma membranes
Communication junctions in the heart muscles are also called -
Intercalated discs
______ at some fusion points allow the cells to contract as a unit .
Intercalated discs / communication junctions
What happens when one cell receives a signal to contract , in a cardiac muscle ?
Its neighbouring cells are also stimulated to contract
Unit of neural tissue -
Neurons
Neurons are _______ cells .
Excitable
Function of neuroglia cells -
To protect and support neurons
Neuroglia make up more than ______ the VOLUME of neural tissue in our body .
One-half
When a neuron is suitably stimulated , an ________ is generated which travels along its ___________ .
Electrical disturbance
Plasma membrane
_______ consists of all four types of tissues .
Heart
Types of tissues present in heart .
4 Epithelial Connective Muscular Neural
The DISCERNABLE trend displayed by the complexity in organs and organ systems is called -
Evolutionary trend
______ refers to FORM or EXTERNALLY VISIBLE FEATURES in case of PLANTS .
MORPHOLOGY
________ refers to the external appearance of the organs or parts of the body .
MORPHOLOGY in case of animals
Anatomy is the study of ________ of internal organs in the animal .
Morphology
Earthworm inhabits the __________ layer of the moist soil .
Upper
2 Names of common Indian earthworms -
Pheretima
Lumbricus
Lumbricus is the other name for -
Earthworm
The body of earthworms is divided into short segments -METAMERES about _____________ in number .
100-120
The _______ surface of earthworms is distinguished by the presence of genital openings (pore) .
Ventral
Anterior end of earthworm consists of the mouth and ________ ,a lobe .
Prostomium
________ serves as a covering for mouth and as a wedge to form open cracks in the soil into which earthworms may crawl .
Prostomium
The prostomium is __________ in function .
Sensory
The first body segment of earthworm which contains the mouth -
Peristomium
Segments _________ are covered by a dark band of ___________ tissue called clitellum ( in earthworms)-
14-16
Glandular tissue
The body of earthworms is divided into how many regions -
3
Proclitellar
Clitellar
Postclitellar
Four pairs of ______ are situated on the intersegmental grooves i.e.,5th to 9th segments .(earthworm )
Spermathecal apertures
In earthworms , how many female genital pores are present and where?
Single female genital pore in the
14th segment
A PAIR of MALE GENITAL PORES are present in the _______ segment .
18th
Numerous minute pores called _________ open on the surface of body in earthworms .
Nephridiopores
In each body segment except _____ ,_____ and________ there are rows of S-shaped SETAE .
1st
Last
Clitellum
In earthworms the principal role of setae is -
Locomotion
______ can be extended or retracted in earthworms .
Setae (for locomotion )
The body wall of earthworms is covered externally by a ______ cuticle .
Non-cellular
The outermost layer of body of earthworm is ______ , below which is _____ ,_______ and an innermost___________.
Cuticle
Epidermis
2 muscle layers(circular and longitudinal )
Coelomic epithelium
The epidermis in earthworms is made of a single layer of _______ cells
Columnar epithelial cells - contain secretory gland cells
in Earthworms ______ Ryan’s between 1st to last segment .
Alimentary canal
In Earthworms the mouth opens into the buccal cavity -segments ________ which leads into a muscular pharynx .
1-3
The oesophagus is present in which segment in Earthworms
5-7
Below pharynx
In Earthworms , the gizzard is present in segments -
8-9 Below oesophagus (5-7)
In Earthworms , ______ helps in grinding soil particles and decaying the leaves .
Gizzard
The stomach in Earthworms extends from ______ segments .
9-14
The food of Earthworms is -
Decaying leaves and organic matter mixed with soil
_________ glands present in the stomach in Earthworms neutralise the humid acid present in humus .
Calciferous
Intestine in Earthworms is located in which segments ?
Extends from 15th till the LAST
In Earthworms , a pair of _____ project from the intestine on the 26th segment .
Intestinal caecae
In Earthworms , ______ increases the effective area of absorption in the INTESTINES .
Typhlosole
In Earthworms , the characteristic feature of INTESTINE is -
Typhlosole
After 26th segment , except the last 23rd -25th segments
In earthworms , the ingested _____ rich soil particles pass through the digestive tract .
Organic
Do Earthworms have anus ?
Yes
Th blood vascular system of Earthworms consists of ___ ,_______ and ________ .
Blood vessels
Capillaries
Heart
In Earthworms , contractions keep blood circulating in ________ direction .
1
Blood glands are resent on the ______ segments .( In Earthworms)
4th , 5th, and 6th
In Earthworms , blood cells and haemoglobin are dissolved in _______ .
Blood plasma
What do blood glands produce ?
Blood cells
Haemoglobin
Blood cells in Earthworms are _____ in nature .
Phagocytic
Earthworms lack -
Special BREATHING devices
Respiratory exchange in Earthworms occurs through ______ into their blood stream .
Moist body surface
Excretory organs of Earthworms-
Nephridia
Types of nephridia in Earthworms-
3
Septal nephridia-15 to last segment
Integumentary nephridia segment 3 to last
Pharyngeal nephridia -4,5,6 segments
In earthworms , _____ regulate the volume and composition of body fluids. .
Nephridia
Nervous system in earthworms is represented by -
Ganglia arranged segment wise on the ventral paired nerve cord
The _______ ganglia along with nerves in the ring integrate sensory input as well as command muscular responses of the body ( in earthworm ) .
Cerebral
In Earthworms , sensory organs do not have _______ but possess __________ sensitive organs ( receptor cells ) to feel the vibrations of the ground .
Eyes
Light and touch
Earthworms have specialised _______ which react to chemical stimuli .
Chemoreceptors
The sense organs of Earthworms are located on the _____ part .
Anterior
There are ______ pairs of testes in an Earthworm .
2
The 2 pairs of testes in an Earthworm are located in _____ and _______ segments .
10th and 11th
In Earthworms , the_______ run upto the 18th segment where they join the prostatic duct .
Vasa deferentia
No of pairs of accessory glands in an Earthworms and their location -
2 pairs
17th and 19th segment
In Earthworms , the male genital pore is located on the ______ segment .
18th
Which ducts open into the male genital pore in an Earthworms ?
Common prostate and spermatic duct - vasa deferentia
Spermathecae are found in ________ segments in Earthworms .
4 pairs found in 4 segments -6 to 9th
6,7,8,9
Function of spermathecae -
Receive and store spermatozoa during copulation .
No of pairs of ovaries in an Earthworm -
1
In Earthworms , one pair of ovaries is found in the _________ segments .
12 and 13th
In Earthworms , single female genital pore is found on the ____ segment .
14th
In Earthworms ,after copulation , MATURE SPERM , EGG CELLS ad NUTRITIVE FLIUD are deposited in the COCOONS produced by gland cells of -
Clitellum
Where does fertilisation and development occur in an Earthworm ?
Within cocoons
Which are deposited in the soil
The _____ holds the Earthworm embryos .
Cocoon
After how many weeks does the cocoon produce baby Earthworms?
After 3 weeks
Each cocoon produces _________ baby worms with an average of FOUR .
2 - 20
Development of earthworm is -
Direct
No larval stage found
In periplaneta , wings extend expound the tip of the abdomen in -
Males
In periplaneta , in each segment , exoskeleton has hardened plates called -
Sclerites
Dorsal sclerites are called -
And
Ventral sclerites are called -
Tergites
Sternites
In Periplaneta , sclerites (tergites and sternites )are joined together by -
Arthrodial membrane - thin , flexible articulate membrane
In Periplaneta , the head is formed by the fusion of ___ segments and shows heart mobility in all directions dua to a flexible neck .
6
The head _____ bears a pair of compound eyes in Periplaneta.
Capsule
In Periplaneta , _____ have sensory receptors that help in monitoring the environment .
Antennae
The mouth parts of a cockroach are -
Labrum - upper lip Labium-lower lip A pair of mandibles A pair of maxillae Tongue(hypopharynx)-flexible
The thorax of Periplaneta is divided into -
3 parts
Prothorax
Mesotorax
Metathorax
The first pair of wings arise from the -
In Periplaneta
Mesothorax
The second pair of wings i Periplaneta arise from -
Metathorax
In Periplaneta ,each _______ bears a pair of walking legs .
Thoracic segment
Which pair of wings in Periplaneta are are called TEGMINA ?
1st pair - mesothoracic wings/forewings
Which pair of wings in Periplaneta are used in flight and are transparent and membranous ?
Hindwings / metathoracic / 2nd pair
Which pair of wings in Periplaneta are opaque dark and leathery and cover the hind wings when at rest ?
Forewings/mesothoraic - no role in flight
In Periplaneta , the abdomen consists of ______ segments .
10
In female Periplaneta , ______ sternum is boat shaped .
7th
In female Periplaneta , which sterna form the BROOD / genital POUCH ?
7 , 8 and 9th
The anterior end of the brood/genital pouch in female Periplaneta consists of -
Female gonophore
Spermathecal pores
Collateral glands
In male Periplaneta , the genital pouch lies in the __ and ___ Terga and ____ sternum .
9th and 10th terga
9th sternum
In male Periplaneta , the genital pouch contains -
Anus
Genital pore
Gonapohypophysis
In both sexes of Periplaneta , _______ segment has a PAIR of filamentous ANAL CERCI .
10th
in Periplaneta , the mouth opens into a short tubular -
Pharynx
In Periplaneta , the _____ opens into the crop .
Oesophagus
In Periplaneta , the structure for storing food in the alimentary canal is -
Crop
The crop in Periplaneta is followed by -
Gizzard / proventriculus
‘ it has an outer layer of thick CIRCULAR MUSCLES and thick inner CUTICLE forming SIX highly CHITINOUS plates called teeth .’
( in Periplaneta)
Gizzard
In Periplaneta , _____ helps in grinding the food particles .
Gizzard/ proventriculus - 6 plates
The entire foregut in Periplaneta is lined by -
Cuticle
Hepatic or GASTRIC are present at the junction of -
In Periplaneta
Foregut and midgut
In Periplaneta , ____ secrete digestive juices in the alimentary canal .
Hepatic/ gastric ceacae
Hepatic caecae are a ring of _____ BLIND TUBULES .
6-8
Malphigian tubules are present at the of junction -
Midgut and hindgut
Malphigian tubules are ____ in number
100-150
Malphigian tubules help in removal of excretory product from _______ (in Periplaneta)
Haemolymph
___ is broader (hindgut/ midgut) in Periplaneta .
Hindgut
The ____ in Periplaneta is differentiated into ileum ,colon and rectum .
Hindgut
In Periplaneta , blood vessels are _______ .
Poorly developed
In Periplaneta , blood vessels open into -
Haemocoel
Visceral organs located in the haemocoel are bathed in -
In Periplaneta
Haemolymph - blood
Heart in Periplaneta is divided into funnel shaped chambers with ___________ on either side .
Ostia
Blood form _____ enter heart through Ostia and is pumped to sinuses again .
Sinuses
The respiratory system In Periplaneta consists of a network of -
Trachea
In Periplaneta , trachea open through _____ pairs of small holes called ______present on the lateral side of the body
10
Spiracles
In Periplaneta , _____ carry oxygen from the air to all parts of the body .
Tracheal tubes , then tracheoles
opening of spiracles in Periplaneta is regulated by -
Sphincters
In Periplaneta ,exchange of gases takes place at the tracheoles by -
Diffusion
Each malphigian tubule is lined by ___ and___ cells
Glandular
Ciliated
Function of malphigian tubules in Periplaneta-
To absorb nitrogenous waste and convert into Uric acid
In Periplaneta , in addition to malphigian tubules _____ and _______ also help in excretion .
Fat body/nephrocytes
Urecose gland
In Periplaneta , ____ ganglia lie in the thorax , and ______ in the abdomen .
3
6
The ______ system of Periplaneta is spread throughout the body .
Nervous system
If we cut off the head of Periplaneta , it will still live for ONE WEEK . Why?
Because the head holds a bit of the nervous system ,
While the rest is situated along the ventral side of the body
The brain in Periplaneta is represented by _________ ganglia .
Supra oesophageal ganglia
Supra oesophageal ganglia supply nerves to ____ and ___ in Periplaneta .
Antennae
Compound eyes
Sense organs of Periplaneta -
5 Antennae Eyes Maxillary palps Labial palps Anal cerci
Function of labial and maxillary palps in Periplaneta-
Sensory
Each compound eye in Periplaneta consists of _______ OMMATIDIA .
2000 hexagonal ommatidia
With the help of several _____ , Periplaneta can receive several images of an object .
Ommatidia
Mosaic vision of Periplaneta has more____ but less ____ .
More-sensitivity
Less -resolution
The male testes in Periplaneta lie in the ________ segments .
4th-6th ABDOMINAL segments
In male Periplaneta , from each TESTIS arises a vas deferens which opens into the ___ through _____ .
Ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicles
Mushroom gland is a characteristic of male/ female Periplaneta-
Male
Mushroom gland in male Periplaneta is present in the _______ abdominal segments .
6th -7th
_____ functions as an accessory reproductive gland in male Periplaneta .
Mushroom gland
The external genitalia of male Periplaneta is represented by -
Male gonapophysis / phallomere
CHITINOUS ASYMMETRIC structure surrounding the male GONOPHORE in male Periplaneta-
Phallomere
The sperms in Periplaneta are stored in ______ which are glued in th formof bundles called SPERMATOPHORES .
Seminal vesicles
______ are discharged during population in periplaneta .
SPERMATOPHORES -packets of sperms
The 2 ovaries in female periplaneta , lie in the _______ abdominal segments .
2nd -6th
Each ovary in female periplaneta is formed by _____ OVARIOLES .
8
Spermatheca are present in male female periplaneta -
Female
Periplaneta female has a pair of spermatheca present in the _____ segment and they open into the__________ .
6th
Genital chamber
In Periplaneta , sperms are transferred through _______ .
SPERMATOPHORES
The fertilised eggs of Periplaneta are encased in capsule called -
Oothecae
_____ is a dark reddish to blackish brown capsule about 3/8” (8mm) long .
Related to Periplaneta
Oothecae
Oothecae are formed _______female Periplaneta and are dropped or glued to a suitable surface near humidity .
Within
Female Periplaneta produce ______ oothecae .
9-10
Each oothecae contains _______ eggs .( in female Periplaneta)
14-16
Development of Periplaneta Americana is-
Paorometabolous - nymphal stage
The nymphs look very much like adults .T/F
Periplaneta
T
The nymph grows by moulting about ____ times to reach the adult form .
13
___ nymphal stage has WING PADS .
But only _______ Periplaneta have wings .
Next to last stage
Adult
Frogs exhibit the ability to change colour to hide them from enemies ( camouflage ).this is called -
Mimicry
Frogs undergo aestivation/ hibernation .
Both
Skin of frog is smooth and slippery due to presence of -
Mucus
The skin of frog is always maintained in ________ condition .
Moist
The frog never drinks water but -
Absorbs it through the skin
Body of a frog is divisible into -
Head and trunk
Neck and tail are absent
Tail is present in a frog .T/F
F
Eyes of frog are covered by _______ . Why ?
Nictating membrane
Protects them in water
In frogs , on either side o eyes a ______ receives sound signals
Tympanum(ear)
In frogs the hindlimbs end in _____ digits , and forelimbs end in______ digits .
5
4
In frogs , hindlimbs/forelimbs are more muscular an larger .
Hindlimbs
Frogs exhibit sexual dimorphism .
T/F
T
2 distinguishable features of male frogs .
Sound producing VOCAL SACS
Copulatory pads on the 1st digit of FORELIMBS
Male frogs have copulatory pads on the _______.
1st digit of forelimb
The alimentary canal of frogs is _______ because frogs 🐸 are _______ .
Short
Carnivorous
Frogs 🐸 are carnivorous , therefore the length of ______ is reduced in them .
Intestine
Arrange in order from 1st to last : 1-oesophagus 2-buccal cavity 3- pharynx 4-stomach 5-mouth
5 > 2> 3> 1 > 4
In frogs _____ secretes bile which is stored in ___
Liver
Gall balder
In frogs food is captured by ____ tongue .
Bilobed
Digestion of food in frogs 🐸 takes place by the action of ____ and _____ secreted by the stomach walls .
HCL
Gastric juices
In 🐸 , the _____ receives bile from gallbladde and pancreatic juices through the COMMON BILE DUCT .
Duodenum
In 🐸 , the __ emulsifiers fat and pancreatic juice digests ____ and _____ .
Bile
Carbohydrates and proteins
The undigested solid waste in 🐸 , is passed out through -
Cloaca
In water _____ acts as the aquatic respiratory organ .and this respiration is called -
In 🐸
Skin
Cutaneous respiration
Dissolved oxygen in the water is exchanged through the skin by ____ .
🐸
Diffusion
In 🐸 , on land ____ , _____ and _____ act as respiratory organs .
Buccal cavity
Skin
Lungs
In 🐸 , on land ______ respiration takes place .
Pulmonary
In 🐸 , during aestivation and hibernation, gaseous change takes place through -
Skin
Frogs have a lymphatic systemalso .T/F.
T
Heart of 🐸 has _ atria and _____ ventricles .
2
1
In 🐸 heart , a triangular structure called _____ , joins the RIGHT ATRIUM .
Sinus venosus - receives blood from major veins , vena cava
In 🐸 heart , ventricles open into a sac-like __________ on the ventral side of heart .
Conus arteriosus
In 🐸 , special VENOUS connection between liver and intestine is called -
And that between kidney and lower parts of the body is called -
Hepatic portal system
Renal portal system
The blood in 🐸is composed of -
Plasma
Cells
In 🐸 , RBCs are ______ and contain ____ .
Nucleated
Haemoglobin
____ systems of frogs are well-developed .
All
The excretory system in 🐸 is composed of -
Kidneys
Ureters
Cloaca
Urinary bladder
2 _____ emerge from the kidneys in male frogs .
Ureters
The _______ act as URINOGENITAL DUCTS which open into the cloaca in male 🐸 .
Ureters
In female 🐸, _____ and ____ open separately into the cloaca
Ureters
Oviduct
Frog excretes -
Urea
Ureotelic
The system for ____ and ____ is highly evolved in the 🐸 .
Control and coordination
The coordination and control system in 🐸 includes -
Neural and endocrine system
The prominent endocrine glands found in frogs .
Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal Gonads Parathyroid Thymus Pineal body Pancreatic islets
The nervous system in 🐸 is organised into ____ , ___ and _____ dytems
CNS
PNS
ANS
There are _____ pairs of cranial nerves in 🐸 .
10
Forebrain in 🐸 includes -
Olfactory lobes
Paired cerebral hemispheres
Unpaired diencephalon
The midbrain i 🐸is characterised by -
Pair of optic lobes
Hindbrain in 🐸 consisted of -
Cerebellum
Medula oblongata
In 🐸 , ( and also in humans maybe ) , the medulla oblongata passes through ______ and continues into spinal cord .
Foranum magnum
The sense organs of 🐸 consists of -
Sensory papillae - touch Taste buds Smell - nasal epithelium Vision Hearing - tympanum with internal ears
Out of all the sense organs , _____ and _____ are well-organised in 🐸 .
Eyes
INTERNAL EARS
🐸 have simple/compound eyes .
Simple
_______ ear is absent in 🐸 and only ______ can be seen externally .
External
Tympanum
In male 🐸 , the testis are found adhered to the upper part of _______ by a DOUBLE FOLD of PERITONEUM called-
Kidneys
Mesorchium
In male 🐸 , VASA EFFERENTIA arises from testis and are _____ in number .
10-12
In male 🐸 , ____ enter the kidneys and open into BIDDER’s CANAL .
VASA EFFERENTIA
In male frogs the cloaca is small and is used to pass ____ ,____ and _____ to the exterior .
Faecal matter
Urine
Sperms
The vasa EFFERENTIA after entering the kidneys in male 🐸 open into the -
Bidders canal
In female 🐸 , the _____ are situated near the kidneys but have no functional connection with kidneys .
Ovaries
A mature female 🐸 can lay upto _____ ova at a time .
2500 - 3000
Fertilization in 🐸 is -
External -in water
Development in 🐸 is ________ and involves ______ .
Indirect
Larval stage-tadpole
Tadpole undergoes _____ to form the adult .
Metamorphosis
