Chapter 4 - Morphology Of Flowering Plants Flashcards
In dicots ,direct elongation of _______ leads to the formation of PRIMARY ROOTS .
RADICLE
Which root system is present in MUSTARD plant -
Tap root system
The ________ root and its branches constitute the tap root system .
Primary
In _______ , primary root is short lived .
Monocots
From where does the FIBROUS root system originate ?
From the base of the stem
In monocots , primary roots are replaced by -
Fibrous roots
Type of roots present in grasses -
Adventitious
Type of roots present in MONSTERA
Adventitious
Banyan tree has _____ roots .
Adventitious
Wheat has _______ root system .
Fibrous
Do roots synthesise plant growth regulators ?
Yes
Root cap is present at the ______ of the root .
Apex
A few millimetres above the root cap is present ______ .
The region of meristematic activity
The region of root whose CELLS ARE VERY SMALL , THIN-WALLED AND WITH DENSE PROTOPLASM .
Region of meristematic activity
The cells of this region of root divide rapidly .
Region of meristematic activity
Region of root responsible of growth of root in length and enlargement
Region of Elongation
Cells of _____________ region of root gradually differentiate and mature
Region of Elongation
The Region of root from which epidermal cells form root hair
Region of Maturation
_____ roots of carrot , turnip get modified to store food .
Tap
_________ roots of sweet potato get swollen to store food .
Adventitious
Stems of maize and sugarcane shave ________ roots .
Stilt
Supporting roots which come out of the lower nodes of the stem -
Stilt roots
Banyan has _______ roots.
Prop
Roots which help to oxygen for respiration -
Pneumatophores
______ bears nodes and internodes .
Stem
_____ of Zaminkand is modified to store food in them .
Underground stem
________ of Colocasia are modified to store food in them .
Underground stem
________ of turmeric is modified to store food in them .
Underground stem
They also act as organs of perrennation to tide over conditions unfavourable for growth -
Underground stems ( of potato , ginger, turmeric ,zaminkand , colocasia )
Stem tendrils develop from ________ .
Axillary bud
Stem tendrils are found in -
All GOURDS (watermelon , pumpkin , cucumber ) and GRAPEVINES
Watermelon has _______ tendril .
Stem
Cucumber has ______ tendril .
Stem
Grapevines have ______ tendrils .
Stem
_______ of stems may get modified into thorns .
Axillary buds
Thorns of citrus are modifications of -
Stem
Thorns of bougainvillea are modifications of
Stem
Stem of bougainvillea is modified into -
Thorns
Stem of citrus is modified into -
Thorn
Stem of pumpkin is modified into -
Tendrils
Stem of grapevine is modified into -
Tendril
Plants in arid region modify their stems into flattened structures as in -
Opuntia
Plant of arid region which modifies its stem into FLESHY CYLINDRICAL structure -
Euphorbia
Modified _______ of opuntia carries out photosynthesis .
Stem
_________ of grasses spread to new niches and form new plants .
Underground stem
Underground stem of _______ and _________ spread to new niches and when older parts die ,new plants are formed .
Grass ad strawberry
In ______ and _______ , lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis and after growing aerially for sometime arch downward to touch ground .
Mint and
JASMINE
A lateral branch with SHORT INTERNODES and each NODE BEARING A ROSSETTE OF LEAVES and a tuft of roots is found in AQUATIC PLANTS like _________ and ___________ .
Pistil
Eichhornia
In ___ , _______ and _______ lateral branches originate from the basal and underground portion of the main STEM ,grow horizontally beneath the soil and then come out obliquely upwards giving rise to LEAFY SHOOTS .
BANANA
PINEAPPLE
CHRYSANTHEMUM
The axillary bud which is formed at the axillary the leaf later develops into a ______ .
Branch
Leaves originate from the _______ meristem and are arranged in an _______ order .
SHOOT APICAL
Acropetal
Leaves are the most important vegetative organs for photosynthesis .T/F
T
The leaf is attached to the stem by ________.
Leaf base
The leaf bears 2 small lateral leaf like structures called -
Stipules
In _________ plants the LEAF BASE expands into a sheath covering the stem partially .
Monocot
In leguminous plants , the _______ becomes swollen and is called PULVINUS .
Leaf base
The _____ helps hold the leaf blade to light .
Petiole
The ______ is the green expanded part of the leaf with VEINS and VEINLETS .
Lamina or leaf blade
Lamina has a middle ________ which is also called midrib
Vein
_________ provide rigidity to the leaf and act as channels of transport for water , minerals and food material .
Veins
_________ venation is characteristic of monocots .
Parallel
Reticulate venation is characteristic of __________ .
Dicots
A leaf is said to be _______ when the lamina is incised but the incisions do not reach the midrib ,
Simple
A bud is present in the axil of petiole in simple/compound leaves .
Both
A bud is present in the axil of LEAFLETS in simple / compound leaves .
Only simple ( not compound )
When the incisions of lamina reach to the midrib , it is called a ______ leaf .
Compound
Give an example of pinnately compound leaf -
Neem
In ________ leaf , a number of leaflets are present on the common axis , RACHIS which represents the midrib .
Pinnately compound leaf
Silk cotton is an example of ________ compound leaf .
Palmately
In _________ the leaflets are attached at a common point i,e,. At the tip of petiole (ex - silk cotton ) .
Palmately compound leaf
The pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch is called -
Phyllotaxy
_______ type of phyllotaxy is found in china rose .
Alternate
_______ type of phyllotaxy is found in sunflower plant .
Alternate
_______ type of phyllotaxy is found in calotropis .
Opposite
_______ type of phyllotaxy is found in mustard .
Alternate
_______ type of phyllotaxy is found in guava .
Opposite
_______ type of phyllotaxy is found in alstonia .
Whorled
Give 3 examples in which alternate phyllotaxy is found .
China rose , mustard , sun flower
In ______ phyllotaxy , a single leaf arises at ach node .
Alternate
________ of peas are modified into tendrils for climbing .
Leaves 🍁
Spines of cacti are modified form of _________ .
Leaves 🍁
The fleshy _________ of onion and garlic store food .
Leaves 🍁
In plants such as ________ leaves are small and short lived .
Australian Acacia
Give an example of a plant in which LEAVES are modified into TENDRILS .
PEA
The _______ in Australian Acacia expand become green and synthesise food .
Petiole ( becoz leaves are short lived )
In flowers , ______ changes to floral meristem .
Shoot apical meristem
In flowers _______ do not elongate and the axis gets condensed . In
Internodes
When a shoot tip transforms into a flower it is always _______.
Solitary
In _______ inflorescence , the main axis continues to grow .
Racemose ( acropetal )
Growth is limited in _________ inflorescence . The main axis terminates in flower .
Cymose (basipetal )
The reproductive unit in angiosperms is -
Flower
Name a plant in which calyx and corolla are not distinct and are called perianth
Lily
When a flower can be divided into two similar halves only in one particular plane , the symmetry is called-
Zygomorphic
Symmetry of CASSIA -
Zygomorphic
Symmetry of Gulmohar -
Zygomorphic
Symmetry of bean
Zygomorphic
Symmetry of datura
Actinomorphic
Symmetry of mustard -
Actinomorphic
Symmetry of chilli -
Actinomorphic
Symmetry of CANNA -
Asymmetric
Flowers with ______ leaf found at the BASE OF PEDICLE are called bracteate .
Bract -reduced leaf 🍃
Ovary is superior in ______ condition .
Hypogynous
Based on position of ovary , MUSTARD is -
Hypogynous
Based on position of ovary , BRINJAL is -
Hypogynous
Based on position of ovary , CHINA ROSE is -
Hypogynous
Based on position of ovary , rose is -
Perigynous
Based on position of ovary , PLUM and peach are-
Perigynous
Based on position of ovary , GUAVA is -
Epigynous
Based on position of ovary , cucumber is -
Epigynous
Based on position of ovary , RAY FLORETS OF SUNFLOWER ARE -
EPIGYNOUS
When parts of flower are located on the rim of the thalamus , almost at the same level as ovary -
Perigynous
In perigynous condition , ovary is half ________ .
Inferior
Outermost whorl of the flower -
Calyx
The calyx is said to be _________ when sepals are united
Gamosepalous
The calyx is said to be _________ when sepals are free .
Polysepalous
In a flower _______ may be TUBULAR , BELL-SHAPED, FUNNEL-SHAPED or WHEEL SHAPED .
Corolla
Mode of arrangement of sepals or petals with respect to other members of the same whorl is called -
Aestivation
When sepals and petals just touch one another without overlapping , the aestivation is called -
Valvate
If one margin of the appendages overlap that of the next one and so on , the aestivation is called -
Twisted
If the margins of sepals overlap one another but not in any particular direction , the aestivation is called -
Imbricate
Vexillary aestivation is also called -
Paplionaceous
Aestivation of lady’s finger -
Twisted
Aestivation of china rose -
Twisted
Aestivation of cotton -
Twisted
Aestivation of CALOTROPIS -
Valvate
Aestivation of CASSIA -
Imbricate
Aestivation of GULMOHAR -
Imbricate
Aestivation of bean , pea -
Vexillary
Each anther has 2 chambers called _________ WHERE POLLEN GRAINS ARE PRODUCED .
Pollen sacs
When stakes are attached to the petals , the condition is called -
Epipetallous
When stamens are attached to the perianth , the condition is called -
Epiphyllous
Give an example of an EPIPETALLOUS PLANT -
Brinjal
Give an example of an EPIPHYLLOUS plant -
Lily
In china rose , stamens are united in how many bundles -
Monadelphous -one bundle
Polyadelphous ( stamens united in more than 2 bundles ) condition is seen in -
Citrus
Give 2 examples in which there is a variation in the length of the FILAMENT within a flower -
SALVINIA
MUSTARD
The ovules in an ovary are attached to the flattened _________ .
Placenta
When the CARPELS present in a flower are free , the condition is called -
Apocarpous
When the carpels are fused , the condition is called -
Syncarpous
Carpels in MUSTARD are fused or free -
Fused -syncapous
Type of carpels in TOMATO -
Fused - syncarpous
Carpels in ROSE are free /fused -
Free - apocarpous
Carpels in LOTUS are free / fused -
Free - apocarpous
After fertilization , ovules develop into _______ and ovary into ______.
Seeds
Fruit
Type of placentation in which the placenta forms a ridge along the ventral suture of ovary and ovules are borne on this ridge forming 2 rows -
Marginal -pea
Type of placentation in tomato -
Axile
Type of placentation in china rose -
Axile
Type of placentation in lemon -
Axile
Type of placentation in mustard -
Parietal
Type of placentation in ARGEMONE -
Parietal
Type of placentation in DIANTHUS -
Free central
Type of placentation in PRIMROSE -
Free central
Type of placentation in MARIGOLD -
Basal
Type of placentation in sunflower -
Basal
Type of placentation in which ovules are borne on the CENTRAL AXIS and SEPTA ARE ABSENT -
Free central
Type of placentation in which ovules develop on the inner walls of the ovary or on peripheral parts -
Parietal
Type of placentation in which ovary is 1 -chambered but becomes 2 -chambered due to the formation of false septum -
Parietal
Type of placentation in which placenta develops at the base of the ovary and a SINGLE OVULE is attached to it -
Basal
If a fruit is formed without fertilisation of the ovary , it is called _____________ fruit .
Parthenocarpic
The pericarp of fruits Is differentiated into outer _______ , middle _______ and inner _______ .
Epicarp
Mesocarp
Endocarp
In MANGO 🥭 an COCONUT 🥥 , the fruit is called _________________ .
DRUPE
Drupes ( mango 🥭 and coconut 🥥 ) develop from __________ ovaries .
Monocarpellary superior ovaries
The edible part of mango is -
Middle fleshy MESOCARP
Kind of endocarp in mango 🥭 -
Stony and hard ( forms a coating over the seed )
The kind of mesocarp in COCONUT 🌴 🥥
Fibrous
A seed is made up of _______ and ______ .
Seed coat And embryo
The embryo is made up of _____ , ________ and _______ .
Radicle
Embryonal axis
Cotyledons
Inner layer of seed coat is called-
Tegmen
The ______ is a scar on the seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to the fruit .
Hilum
Above the hilum ,there is a small pore called called ______.
Micropyle
Location of micropyle in dicots -
Above hilum
Within the ______ is the embryo in dicot seeds .
Seed coat
At the 2 ends of the _________ are present the radicle nd plumule .
Embryonal axis
Castor is a monocot or dicot -
Dicot - it is an exceptional dicot because it is endospermic whereas most dicots are non-endospermic
Castor is endospermic or non- endospermic -
Endospermic
Pea is endospermic or non-endospermic -
Non-endospermic
All dicots are non-endospermic except castor
Gram and bean are endospermic or non-endospermic -
Non-endospermic
Monocot seeds are generally endo or non- endospermic ?
Endospermic
Exception- ORCHID is non-endospermic
In the seeds of cereals such as maize ,the seed coat is _________ and fused with the fruit wall .
Membranous
In mononcots , the _______ is bulky and stores food
Endosperm
The outer covering of endosperm separates the ________ by a protenacious layer called ALEURONE layer . (In monocots )
Embryo
Embryo is SMALL AND IS SITUATED IN A GROOVE AT ONE END OF THE ENDOSPERM in - dicots/monocots
Monocots
Location of embryo in monocots -
It is situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm .
The EMBRYO of monocots consists of a large ______ shaped cotyledon known as scutellum .
Shield
The family fabaceae was earlier called -
Paplionadeae
Papilionaoideae is now a sub-family under the family - __________
Leguminoseae
Floral formula of leguminosaea / fabacaea -
% hermaphrodite K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G_1
Inflorescence of family leguminoseae -
Racemose
In leguminosaea ,aestivation of corolla is -
Vexillary
Indigofera belongs to family-
Leguminoseae
SESBANIA , TRIFOLIUM belong to family -
Leguminoseae
Lupin ,sunhemp belong to family-
Leguminoseae
Inflorescence found in SOLANUM-
Cymose
Aestivation of corolla in solanaceae-
Valvate. - ( aestivation of calyx is also valvate )
The fruit of family Solanaceae is called -
Berry or capsule
The position of ovary in family Solanaceae is __________
Hypogynous -superior
Medicines -BELADONNA and ASHWAGANDHA belong to which family -
Solanaceae
Tomato belongs to family-
Solanaceae
Brinjal belongs to family -
Solanaceae
The LILY FAMILY is a characteristic representative of ______________ plants .
Monocot
Underground rhizomes and corms belong o which family -
Liliaceae
Inflorescence of liliaceae family -
Cymose
Aestivation of perianth in LIliaceae -
Valvate
Type of placentation of the ovary in family Liliaceae -
Axile
Ovary is superior in all the 3 families
Fruit of liliaceaea family is called -
Capsule
Glorious belongs to family -
Liliaceae
Colchicine belongs to family -
Liliaceaea
