Chapter 1 - Classification Flashcards
Mycelium in deuteromycetes is
Septate ( branched )
Ascospore are endo one exo
Endogenous
Note : maybe all spores except conidia are endogenous in natur
MW Stanley showed that viruses could be crystallised and the crystals consists largely of proteins in the year _______
1935
3 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION WAS GIVEN BY
ERNST HACKELL
MOST EXTENSIVE METABOLIC DIVERSITY
BACTERIA
FLAGELLA AND A RIGID CELL WALL IS PRESENT ONLY IN WHICH BACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
BACTERIA ARE ______________ IN STRUCTURAL AND__________ IN BEHAVIOR
SIMPLE, COMPLEX
BLOOMS IN POLLUTED WATER BODIES ARE FORMED BY
CYNOBACTERIA, BLUE GREEN ALGAE
Cyanobacteria or BGA are bacteria or algae
eubacteria
Number of flagella found in dinoflagellates
2
ARCHE BACTERIA DIFFER FROM OTHER BACTERIA IN HAVING DIFFRENT
CELL WALL STRUCTURE
CYANOBACTERIA HAVE WHICH CHLORO
A . Similar to green plants
Which bacteria oxidise various organic substance such as ammonia , nitrates and nitrites and use the energy in ATP production
CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC bacteria
Viruse that infect plants have which kind of genetic material
Single stranded RNA (ss rna)
Which bacteria maybe filamentous or colonial , freshwater /marine or terrestrial algae
Cyanobacteria or BGA
What is used for polishing , filtration of oils and syrups
Diatomaceous earth
Nature of mycelium in basidiomycetes
Septate ( branched )
A FILAMENTOUS BGA
Nostoc -also has a gelatinous sheath and heterocyst (fix atm N2)
WHICH KIND OF BACTERIA ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT
OR
Majority of what are Important decomposers
Heterotrophic
Paramecium and amoeba were earlier placed in which kingdom and why
Animal becoz they lack a cell wall
Freshwater protists
Euglenoids
Group of protists which are only heterotrophs
Protozoans
Plankton (photosynthetic ) belong to which group of Protista
CHRYSOPHYTES
Desmids are also called
Golden algae
Chief producers in the ocean
Diatoms
Coloured protists
Dinoflagellate - yellow , red , Blue , green , brown
No of flagella in euglena
2
Stiff cellulose plates are present in
Dinoflagellates
Flagella on the basis of ‘position’ are found in
Dinoflagellates - longitudinal and transverse
Spores of ________ have true walls
Slime moulds
Protestant lacking cell wall
Euglenoids
Flexible protists
Euglenoids ( becoz of pellicle )
Saprophytic protists
Slime moulds
Protists which are primitive relatives of animals
Protozoans
No of groups protozoans are divided into
4
1) ameboid .2) flagellated. 3) ciliates. 4) sporozoans
Trypanosoma causing sleeping sickness comes under which group of protozoans ( of kingdom protists )
Flagellate
Great diversity in morphology and habitat is found in which kingdom
K . Fungi
During unfavourable condition ___________ differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips
PLASMODIUM
Network of hyphae
Mycelium
Exception to multicellular fungi
Yeast - (only) unicellular fungi
Fungi are found in
Air , water , oil and on animal - cosmopolitan
With the exception of yeast , all fungi are
FILAMENTOUS and multicellular
Basidiospores are asexual or sexual
Sexual spores
Hyphae which are continuous tubes filed with multinucleted cytoplasm
Coenocytic hyphae
Plasmodium comes under which protozoan
Sporozoan
Two Kingdom Classification given by
Callous Linnaeus
Non coenocytic hyphae are - branched or unbranched
Branched
Non coenocytic hyphae have
Septae are cross links
Cell wall of fungi is made of
Polysaccharide and chitin
The only asexual spores in deuteromycetes are
CONIDIA
Decomposers of litter and mineral cycles
Deuteromycetes
Asexual spores are absent and reproduction takes place by vegetative fragmentation . Sex organs are absent but plasmogamy takes place by fusion of 2 vegetative or somatic cells of diff genotypes
Basidiomycetes
The spores of basidiomycetes ( basidiospores ) are ____________ produced on the _____________
Exogenously , basidium
The septate mycelium has to be branched or branched ?
Branched
Penicillium belong to class
Ascomycetes
Non cellular organisms
Viruses
Common name for agaricus
Mushroom
Lactobacillus is which bacteria
Heterotrophic -decomposer
Karyogamy and meiosis forms how many basidiospores
4
What is the basis for the division of kingdom fungi into various classes
1) morphology of mycelium
2) mode of spore formation
3) fruiting bodies
Conidia is endo or exogenous
Exogenous
Red tides
Red Dinoflagellates
Sporangiospore s are endo or exo
Endogenous
Clavicles and NEOROSPORA come under which class of fungi
Ascomycetes
3 sexual spores of fungi
Oospores , ascospores and basidiospores
3 steps of sexual cycle of fungi step wise
1) plasmogamy
2) karyogamy
3) meiosis in zygote - forming spores
In asco and basidioycetes , intervening stage of sexual cycle
Dikaryophase ( 2 nuclei per cell )
Nature of mycelium in PHYCOMYCETES
Aseptate ( unbranched ) = coenocytic
Ascospores are sexual or asexual
Sexual
Zoospores and aplanospores are endogenously produced in _____
Sporangium
Parasitic fungi on mustard belongs to which class of fungi
Albugo belong to PHYCOMYCETES
Viroids were discovered in the year
1971
Kind of mycelium in ascomycetes
Septate = branched = non coenocytic (non continuous )
Edible morels and truffles come under which class of fungi
Ascomycetes
Asexual spores in ascomycetes
Conidia ( exogenous )
Viruses that infect animals have which kind of genetic material
Ss RNA , ds RNA , or ds DNA ( DOUBLE STRANDED DNA - not ss )
Bacteriophages have which kind of genetic material
Double stranded DNA
Potato spindle tuber disuse is caused by
Viroids
Mumps is a bacterial or viral disease
Viral
Contagium Vivum fluid was given by_______ in the year ________ .
M W Beijerinek
1898
Demonstrated that the extract of the infected plant 🌱 of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants.
Sexual spores on ascomycetes
Ascospores ( endogenous )
Size of prions is similar or different from that of viruses
Similar
Yeast belongs to which class of fungi
Ascomycetes
Sporozoans come under which group of protists
Protozoans
Not slime moulds
Asexual spores of fungi - 4 are
Conidia , sporangiospore , zoospores and aplanospores
Aspergillus comes under which class of fungi
Ascomycetes
Brackets , puffballs , RUST and SMUT belong to
Basidiomycetes
Pellicle is found in
Euglena ( pellicle instead of cel wall)
Aplanospores are endo or exo
Endo
Mycoplasma lacks a cell membrane or cell wall
Wall
CHRYSOPHYTES include which two organisms
Diatoms
Desmids
Coprophilous fungi
Ascomycetes
Photosynthetic protists
CHRYSOPHYTES , dinoflagellates or euglenoid
Asexual spores of PHYCOMYCETES
Zoospores and aplanospores
Motile ). ( non motile
Pigments of which protists are identical to those found in higher plants
Euglenoids
CHEMOSYNTHETIC AUTOTROPHIC bacteria recycle which 4 man nutrients
N , P , Fe , S
Mushrooms belong to
Basidiomycetes
Zoospores are endo or exo
Endogenous
Flagella on the basis of size found in
Euglena - long and short
SOLE MEMBERS OF KINGDOM MONERA AND MOST ABUNDANT MICROORGANISMS
BACTERIA
Cell wall of which one are indestructible (silica ) : desmids or diatoms ?
Diatoms
Which 3 things does taxonomy include :
Identification
Nomenclature
Classification
Who gave the term systematics
Linnaeus
Number of species that ar described range betweeen -
Or
Number and types of organisms present on earth -
1.7-1.8 million
In which classification overall morphology is not considered , only one or two morphological characters are considered -
Artificial classification
In which system equal weightage is given to both vegetative and reproductive characters -
Artificial
In which system plants are classified on the basis of COMPLETE morphological characters -
Natural classification
Keys are _____ in nature
Analytical
Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family , genus , species .
T/F
T
Biological concept of species is given by
Ernst Mayr
R.H Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification in the year -
1969
Who gave the 3 domain theory
Carl woose
No .of kingdoms included in the 3 domain theory
6
Cell wall of prokartes is made up of -
Peptidoglycan
The innermost layer in the cell envelop of bacteria is-
Cell membrane
Outermost layer - glycocalyx
Reserve materials in prokaryotic cells are stored in the cytoplasm in the form of _________
INCLUSON BODIES - lie freely in the cytoplasm
Nitrifying bacteria convert _______ to _________ .
Ammonia to nitrite and nitrate
Azotobacter is anaerobic / aerobic
Aerobic
Rhodospirillum and beijerinkia are anaerobic / aerobic
RHODOSPIRRILUM - ANAEROBIC
BEIJERINKIA - AEROBIC
_______ and _________ are freely living in soil but as symbionts can fix atmospheric nitrogen .
Rhizobium , frankia
Term antibiotic was given by -
Walksman
Membrane bound structure present in BGA , purple and green photosynthetic eubacteria -
Gas vacuole
Excessive growth of _____ in polluted water is called bloom
BGA
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH is also called
Keiselgurh
_____spore are formed in diatoms
Auxospores
Physarum is an example of
Slime Mold / myxomycetes - also called false fungi
_______ move around decaying twigs engulfing organic material -
Slime moulds
Early blight of potato is caused by which fungi -
Altenaria Solanki
Red rot of sugarcane is caused by fungi -
Colletroticum
The name of the book published by linnaeus -
Species plantarum
Systema naturae was written by
Linnaeus
First plant classification was given by -
Aristotle
Photosynthesis of BGA is oxygenic / anoxygenic =
Only oxygenic
CO2 is fixed to carbohydrates by -
Rhodospirillum
Antibiotics are obtained from -
BACTERIA
Main difference in gram - and gram + resides in th3e composition of -
Cell wall
Free-living N2 fixing bacteria are present in the -
Soil
Bacterial flagella is made of
Proteins
Plant pathogenic bacteria are gram -/ +
Both
Decomposer protists -
Slime moulds
Fire algae belong to group -
Pyrrrophyta
Dinoflagellates are also called -
Fire algae
Protists are acellular / unicellular / multicellular -
Acellular
Normal number of ascospores formed in an ascus -
8
Pseudomycelium occurs in -
Yeast
flemming discovered penicillium while working with -
Streptomyces / staphylococcus bacteria .
Staphylococcus
Unicellular photosynthetic eukaryote that lacks a cell wall
Euglena
The ploidy of the dikaryotic cell in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes -
Haploid
Septate branched mycelium is found in how many phylums -
3
Asco , basidio , deuteromycetes
Aseptate and coenocytic mycelium is found in only -
PHYCOMYCETES
The name virus that means poisonous fluid was given by
Pasteur
The nucellus is protested by envelopes an the composite structure is called -
Ovule ( megasporangium )
Antheridia is not found in -
Gymnosperms
Male cones in _______ are well developer -
Cycas
Vessels are found in most of the _______ and few _________.
Angios , gymnos
Cycas has vessels . T/F
F
In 5 kingdom classification , mAIN BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION IS IS -
Nutrition
Plants reproducing by spores such as mosses and ferns are grouped under -
Cryptogams ( not sporophytes )
If by radiation , all nitrogenase enzyme is inactivated then there will be no -
Fixation of nitrogen in legumes
Auxospores are formed by
And
Hormocysts are formed by -
Several diatoms
And
Few Cyanobacteria
______ and _______ are not the defining properties of living beings -
Growth and reproduction
Defining chars of living beings
Metabolism
Consciousness
Cellular organisation
_______ is the most obvious and complicated feature of all living beings -
Consciousness
_________takes into account evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Systematics
– – – – – – – contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area
Flora
– – – – – provide the index to the plant species found in a particular area
Flora
– – – – – Are useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area.
Manuals
– – – – – – contain information on any one taxon .
Monograph
Insects are preserved in insect boxes after collecting killing and pinning and large animals like birds and animals are usually stuffed and preserved in a – – – – –
Museum
The herbarium sheets carry a label providing information about – – – – – – – –
Date and place of collection
English ,local and botanical names
Family
collector’s name
– – – – – serve as quick referral system in taxonomical studies.
Herbarium
Chlamydomonas and chlorella belong to which kingdom
and in which kingdom were they earlier placed
Kingdom protesta
Earlier placed in -algae (plant kingdom)
Because they have a cell wall
On the basis of which characters was the five kingdom classification given
Five character
cell type , cell wall , nuclear membrane ,body organisation,mode of nutrition .
Which type of cell wall do Monerans have ?
Non-cellulosic -prokaryotic cell wall type
Polysaccharide +amino acids
CHRYSOPHYTES have cell walls made of ———— , whereas dinoflagellates have cell wall made of ————— .
Silica
Cellulose
Which protists are microscopic?
CHRYSOPHYTES- desmids and diatoms
Plankton
All ___________are heterotrophs and live as predators or parasites 🦠 .
Protozoans
Marine forms of which protozoan have silica shells ?
Ameboid protozoans -entamoeba
Sleeping sickness is caused by ________ protozoan .
Flagellated - trypanosoma
______ protozoans have a cavity or gullet that opens to the outside of the body .
Ciliated
Under kingdom PROTISTA , ______ are primitive relatives of animals .
Protozoans
Under _______ conditions , slime moulds form plasmodium , which forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips during _______ conditions .
Suitable/ favourable
Unfavourable
CHRYSOPHYTES are found in _____ and _____ .
Dinoflagellates are found in -
Euglenoids are found in ________ water .
Both marine and freshwater
Marine
Stagnant ( but FRESHWATER )
Mostly edible fungi are found in which class -
Ascomycetes
Exception -mushroom ( agaricus ) comes under basidiomycetes
_______ spores are generally not found in basidiomycetes .
Asexual
BUT VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION BY FRAGMENTATION IS COMMON .
Sex organs are completely absent in which CLASS of fungi -
Basidiomycetes
Fruiting bodies in basidiomycetes are called -
Basidiocarps
Conidia on germination produces _______ .
Mycelium
Which class of fungi is found in AQUATIC habitat or as OBLIGATE PARASITES on PLANTS ?
PHYCOMYCETES
Also found on decaying wood in moist and damp places .
Capsomeres of viruses 🦠 are arranged in ______or _____ forms .
Helical
Polyhedral geometric
A _ _______is a Nucleoprotein and the genetic material is infectious .
Virus 🦠
Antibiotics are obtained from -
Both bacteria and fungi (ascomycetes-penicillin)
