Chapter 6- Speech sound disorders in children

Question 1

How are consonants classified?

Answer 1

1. Voicing
2. Place
3. Manner

Question 2

What is a monophthong?

Answer 2

a type of vowel that has a single, unchanging sound quality

Question 3

What is a diphthong?

Answer 3

A type of vowel produced with a gradually changing articulation that produces a complex, dynamic sound quality

Question 4

How are vowels classified?

Answer 4

1. Tongue height
2. tongue advancement
3. Tense/lax
4. Lip configuration

Question 5

What is nondistinctive phonetic variant for a phoneme?

Answer 5

allophone

Question 6

What is the influence of phonetic context on speech production?

Answer 6

coarticulation

Question 7

What is it called when one of a pair of sounds that are different by just one phonemic feature?

Answer 7

cognate pairs

Question 8

What is the mark added to a phonetic character to indicate some form of modification called?

Answer 8

diacritic

Question 9

Different usage patterns in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, and/or grammar within the same language

Answer 9

dialect

Question 10

the minimal unit of meaning, the smallest unit of language that carries semantic interpretation

Answer 10

morpheme

Question 11

What is an obstruent?

Answer 11

a sound that has a complete or narrow constriction of the vocal tract- stops, fricatives, affricates

Question 12

the basic sound segment that has the linguistic function of distinguishing morphemes

Answer 12

phoneme

Question 13

the study of sound systems of language

Answer 13

phonology

Question 14

involves the suprasegmental characteristics of intonation, stress patterns, loudness variations, pausing, and rhythm

Answer 14

prosody

Question 15

Describe the behaviorist theory & how it applies to acquisition of speech & language

Answer 15

Verbal development is learned through:

1. contingent reinforcement
2. stimulus-response

Infant’s early vocalizations & babbling are reinforced by parents

Question 16

Which phonological processes are expected to be suppressed by age 3?

Answer 16

1. weak syllable deletion
2. FCD
3. Doubling
4. Diminutization
5. velar fronting
6. consonant assimilation
7. reduplication
8. prevocalic voicing

Question 17

Children between 19-24 months should be how intelligbible?

Answer 17

25-50%

Question 18

Children between 2-3 years should be how intelligible?

Answer 18

50-75%

Question 19

Children between 4-5 years old should be how intelligible?

Answer 19

75-90%

Question 20

Children at 5 years of age should be how intelligible?

Answer 20

100% intelligible

Question 21

What skill is correlated with literacy skills?

Answer 21

phonological/phonemic awareness

Question 22

What is a screening?

Answer 22

a concise appraisal of speech skills to determine if further assessment is necessary, typically a pass/fail

Question 23

What is the purpose of assessment?

Answer 23

determine if therapy is necessary, identify strengths & weaknesses, presence or absence of a SSD, frequency or type of intervention