Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PRAXIS and COMPS > Chapter 1- Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Physiology of speech mechanism > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Physiology of speech mechanism Flashcards

1
Q

The exchange of has between organism and its environment

A

Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two functions make up respiration?

A

Inhalation and exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When we inhale, the chest cavity __________.

A

expands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do quiet breathing and breathing for speech difer?

A

Speech breathing is more conscious and adjusted to meet the demands of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Humans generally speak on __________

A

exhaled air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the process of inhalation

A
  1. Chest and lungs expand
  2. diaphragm lowers
  3. air flows in through nose and mouth
  4. air goes down pharynx and between open VF
  5. air continues downward through trachea
  6. air reaches lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are the lungs located?

A

Thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The larynx sits atop what structure?

A

Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many vertebra are in the spinal column?

A

32-33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the 5 segments of the spinal column

A
  1. 7 cervical (C1-C7)
  2. 12 thoracic(T1-T12)
  3. 5 lumbar (L1-L5)
  4. 5 sacral (S1-S5)
  5. 3-4 coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The thick, dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which two primary categories of muscles support respiration?

A

Thoracic muscles of inhalation and abdominal muscles of expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adduction

A

move toward midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abduction

A

move away from midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

space between the VF

A

glottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

responsible for controlling sound production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

thyroarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, oblique arytenoid, and posterior cricoarytenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which is the primary muscle for abduction?

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the larynx?

A

Vagus nerve X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the purpose of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

support the larynx and fix its position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which extrinsic muscles elevate the larynx?

A

Suprahyoid muscles (elevators)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which extrinsic muscles lower the larynx?

A

infrahyoid muscles (depressors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 layers of the VF?

A
  1. epithelium (outer cover)
  2. lamina propria (middle layer- 3 layers)
  3. vocalis muscle (body and stability)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name all the pairs of VF

A
  1. True VF
  2. Aryepiglottic folds
  3. Ventricular (false) folds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the aryepiglottic folds

A

Extend from the tips of the arytenoids to the larynx. They separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help protect the airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the ventricular folds

A

They only vibrate at very low frequencies and compress during coughing and lifting heavy objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Vocal folds vibrate because of the forces and pressure of air and the elasticity of the vocal folds

A

myoelastic-aerodynamic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Caused by the increase speed of air passing between the vocal folds, is the “sucking” motion of the VF toward one another

A

Bernoulli effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe the mucosal wave

A

The cover (epithelium) and the superficial lamina propria and the transition move over the vocalis muscle slide and produce a wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The mucosal wave is necessary to produce ________.

A

vibration- phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What the function of the cerebellum?

A

regulate motor movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which two cranial nerves innervate the larynx?

A

VII- Facial

X- Vague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A flexible muscular structure at the juncture of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx

34
Q

When the soft palate raises and retracts, what is acheived?

A

velopharyngeal closure

35
Q

The roof of the mouth and the floor of the nose

A

Hard palate

36
Q

What is the lingual frenulum?

A

connects the mandible with the inferior portion of the tongue

37
Q

Which cranial nerves innervate muscles of articulation?

A
  1. VII- Facial
  2. V- Trigeminal
  3. X- Vagus
  4. XI- spinal accessory
  5. Xii- hypoglossal
38
Q

Name the two parts of a neuron

A
  1. nerve fibers

2. cell body

39
Q

What are the projections of the cell body that specialize in receiving and conducting stimuli?

A

dendrites and axons

40
Q

What coats the axons?

41
Q

How do neurons communicate?

42
Q

Afferent nerves are __________

43
Q

Efferent nerves are __________

44
Q

What is the most common type of neuron?

A

Interneurons- link neurons with other neurons

45
Q

The PNS consists of…?

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, automatic nervous system

46
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

47
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

48
Q

Where do the cranial nerves originate?

A

spinal cord

49
Q

Cranial nerve 5

A

Trigeminal- face (sensory); jaw (motor)

50
Q

Cranial nerve 7

A

Facial- tongue (sensory); face (motor)

51
Q

Cranial nerve 8

A

Acoustic- hearing and balance (sensory)

52
Q

Cranial nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal- tongue and pharynx (sensory); pharynx only (motor)

53
Q

Cranial nerve 10

A

Vagus- Larynx, respiratory, cardiac (sensory and motor)

54
Q

Cranial nerve 11

A

Spinal accessory- Throat movements (motor)

55
Q

Cranial nerve 12

A

Hypoglossal- tongue (motor)

56
Q

Two branches of the ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

57
Q

The branch of the ANS used for “fight or flight”

A

sympathetic

58
Q

Functions of the sympathetic branch

A

accelerates heart rate, dialates pupils, raises BP, increases blood flow- emotional arousal

59
Q

Function of the parasympathetic branch

A

Brings the body back to a state of relaxation

60
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

61
Q

What structures make up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

62
Q

The brainstem connects what?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

63
Q

Function of the midbrain

A

Controls motor and sensory functions- postural reflexes, visual reflexes, and coordination of eye and head movements

64
Q

Function of pons

A

Hearing and balance and houses nuclei for trigeminal and facial nerves which are important or speech production

65
Q

Function of medulla

A

breathing, digestion, heart rate, blood pressure

66
Q

What structure of the brainstem responds to incoming information by affecting the state of a person’s alertness and consciousness

A

Reticular activating system

67
Q

What are the two main structures of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

68
Q

Function of the thalamus

A

regulates sensory information

69
Q

What are the 3 nuclear masses that make up the basal ganglia?

A

globus pallidus
putamen
caudate nucleus

70
Q

Lesions in the basal ganglia can result in…

A

unusual body postures, dysarthria, changes in body tone, involuntary and uncontrolled movement

71
Q

Where is the cerebellum located?

A

Posterior to the brainstem

72
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

equilibrium, body posture, and coordinated fine motor movements

73
Q

What kind of dysarthria will result from a lesion in the cerebellum?

74
Q

What is the pyramidal system?

A

The direct motor activation pathway that is primarily responsible for facilitating voluntary muscle movement

75
Q

Two tracts of the pyramidal system

A

Cortiospinal and corticobulbar

76
Q

What are lower motor neurons?

A

part of the PNS- cranial and spinal nerves

77
Q

What are upper motor neurons?

A

Part of the CNS

78
Q

What is the function of the extrapyramidal system?

A

transmits impulses that control the postural support needed by the fine motor movements of the pyramidal system- indirect activation system

79
Q

Structures involved in the extrapyramidal system

A

Basal ganglia, red nucleus, substantia niagra, subthalamus

80
Q

3 types of connecting fibers in the cerebrum

A

projection fibers
commissural fibers
association fibers

81
Q

Layers of tissue that protect the brain

A

Dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

82
Q

The globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and putamen are called what

A

The corpus striatum

PRAXIS and COMPS (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions