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Geology > Chapter 6-sedimentary > Flashcards

Chapter 6-sedimentary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the veneer?

A

Sedimentary rock up to 20 km deep that covers the igneous and metamorphic basement

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2
Q

What are the four classes of sedimentary rock?

A

Clastic
Biochemical
Organic
Chemical

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3
Q

What are clastic rocks?

A

Made from rock fragments

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4
Q

What are biochemical rocks?

A

Cemented shell fragments

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5
Q

What is an organic rock?

A

Carbon rich elements e.g. Coal

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6
Q

What is a chemical rock?

A

Minerals that crystallize from water

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7
Q

What is weathering?

A

Generation of detritus via rock disintegration

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8
Q

What is erosion?

A

Removal of sediment grains from rock

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9
Q

What is transportation?

A

Dispersal by wind, water, or ice

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10
Q

What is deposition?

A

Settling out of the transporting fluid

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11
Q

What is lithification?

A

Transformation into solid rock

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12
Q

What is cementation?

A

Minerals grow in between grains to cement rock

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13
Q

Will a grain that has travelled far from its source be angular or spherical?

A

Spherical

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14
Q

What is sorting?

A

The uniformity of grain size

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15
Q

What are the four common cements?

A

Quartz
Calcite
Hematite
Clay minerals

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16
Q

How far do conglomerates travel and what is the means for transportation?

A

Travel far by water transport

17
Q

What are the two sandstone varieties?

A

Arkose-feldspars

Quartz

18
Q

What is chert made of?

A

Crypto crystalline quartz

19
Q

What is coal?

A

The altered remains of fossil vegetation

20
Q

What are evaporites?

A

Rocks like gypsum created by evaporated sea water

21
Q

What is travertine?

A

Calcium carbonate precipitated from ground water like in a hot springs

22
Q

What is the difference between limestone an dolostone?

A

Dolostone has a sugary texture an porosity and wearers to a buff tab color

23
Q

What do asymmetric ripples indicate?

A

Unidirectional water flow

24
Q

What do symmetric water ripple indicate?

A

Wave oscillation

25
Q

How are deltas formed?

A

Sediment carried by rivers dropped where a river enters the sea

26
Q

What natural resources can be found in basins?

A

Coal
Natural gas
Petroleum
Uranium

Geology (13 decks)

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