Chapter 6-sedimentary Flashcards
What is the veneer?
Sedimentary rock up to 20 km deep that covers the igneous and metamorphic basement
What are the four classes of sedimentary rock?
Clastic
Biochemical
Organic
Chemical
What are clastic rocks?
Made from rock fragments
What are biochemical rocks?
Cemented shell fragments
What is an organic rock?
Carbon rich elements e.g. Coal
What is a chemical rock?
Minerals that crystallize from water
What is weathering?
Generation of detritus via rock disintegration
What is erosion?
Removal of sediment grains from rock
What is transportation?
Dispersal by wind, water, or ice
What is deposition?
Settling out of the transporting fluid
What is lithification?
Transformation into solid rock
What is cementation?
Minerals grow in between grains to cement rock
Will a grain that has travelled far from its source be angular or spherical?
Spherical
What is sorting?
The uniformity of grain size
What are the four common cements?
Quartz
Calcite
Hematite
Clay minerals
How far do conglomerates travel and what is the means for transportation?
Travel far by water transport
What are the two sandstone varieties?
Arkose-feldspars
Quartz
What is chert made of?
Crypto crystalline quartz
What is coal?
The altered remains of fossil vegetation
What are evaporites?
Rocks like gypsum created by evaporated sea water
What is travertine?
Calcium carbonate precipitated from ground water like in a hot springs
What is the difference between limestone an dolostone?
Dolostone has a sugary texture an porosity and wearers to a buff tab color
What do asymmetric ripples indicate?
Unidirectional water flow
What do symmetric water ripple indicate?
Wave oscillation
How are deltas formed?
Sediment carried by rivers dropped where a river enters the sea
What natural resources can be found in basins?
Coal
Natural gas
Petroleum
Uranium
