Chapter 6 - Sacrum & Innominates

Question 1

Innominate - 3 fused bones

Answer 1

ilium, ischium, & pubis

Question 2

Sacral promontory

Answer 2

anterior portion of S1

Question 3

3 Innominate articulations

Answer 3

Acetabulum - femur; SI joint - sacrum; pubic symphysis

Question 4

True Pelvic Ligaments

Answer 4

Anterior, posterior, & interosseous sacroiliac ligaments - stabilize SI joint

Question 5

Accessory Pelvic Ligaments

Answer 5

Sacrotuberous, Sacrospinous, & Iliolumbar ligaments

Question 6

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 6

ILA -> ischial tuberosity

Question 7

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 7

Sacrum -> ischial spines

Question 8

Sacrospinous ligament divides

Answer 8

greater & lesser sciatic foramen

Question 9

Iliolumbar ligament

Answer 9

TP of L4-L5 -> medial side of iliac crest

Question 10

1st ligament to become painful in lumbosacral decompensation

Answer 10

Iliolumbar ligament

Question 11

Primary pelvic muscles - pelvic diaphragm

Answer 11

levator ani & coccygeus

Question 12

Secondary pelvic muscles - partial attachment to true pelvis

Answer 12

Iliopsoas, obturator internus, piriformis

Question 13

Piriformis origin

Answer 13

inferior, anterior sacrum

Question 14

Piriformis insertion

Answer 14

greater trochanter of femur

Question 15

Piriformis action

Answer 15

ER, extension of thigh, abduction w/ hip flexed

Question 16

Piriformis innervation

Answer 16

S1 - S2

Question 17

Piriformis hypertonicity

Answer 17

entire or perineal portion of sciatic n. may run through Piriformis causing buttock pain that radiates down the thigh

Question 18

Innominates rotate about which sacral axis (anterior/posterior innominate)

Answer 18

inferior transverse axis

Question 19

Respiratory motion occurs about which sacral axis

Answer 19

superior transverse axis at level S2

Question 20

During inhalation, the sacral base moves

Answer 20

POSTERIORLY

Question 21

During exhalation, the sacral base moves

Answer 21

ANTERIORLY

Question 22

Craniosacral/Inherent motion occurs about which sacral axis

Answer 22

superior transverse axis at level S2

Question 23

During craniosacral flexion, the sacral base moves

Answer 23

POSTERIORLY or Counternutates

Question 24

During craniosacral extension, the sacral base moves

Answer 24

ANTERIORLY or nutates

Question 25

Postural motion occurs about which sacral axis

Answer 25

middle transverse axis

Question 26

As a person bends forward, the sacral base moves

Answer 26

ANTERIORLY

Question 27

At terminal flexion, _______________ ligaments are taut & the sacral base moves _______________.

Answer 27

Sacrotuberous ligaments; POSTERIORLY

Question 28

Weight bearing on the Left leg will engage which sacral axis?

Answer 28

left oblique

Question 29

+Standing flexion test =

Answer 29

Sacroilial dysfunction

Question 30

Anterior innominate etiology

Answer 30

tight quadriceps

Question 31

Superior innominate etiology

Answer 31

fall on the ipsilateral buttock or a mis-step

Question 32

Posterior innominate etiology

Answer 32

tight hamstrings

Question 33

Superior pubic shear etiology

Answer 33

trauma or tight rectus abdominus

Question 34

Inferior pubic shear etiology

Answer 34

trauma or tight adductors

Question 35

Who described sacral dysfunctions in relation to the ilium?

Answer 35

Strachan in 1938

Question 36

Who described sacral dysfunctions in relation to L5?

Answer 36

Mitchell in 1958

Question 37

In sacral torsion, L5 is SB

Answer 37

engaging the oblique axis on that same side

Question 38

In sacral torsion, L5 is rotated

Answer 38

opposite of sacral rotation

Question 39

In sacral torsion, the seated flexion test is +

Answer 39

on the opposite side of the oblique axis

Question 40

Lumbosacral spring test is +

Answer 40

if the sacral base has moved posterior (backward torsion or sacral extension)

Question 41

In backward torsion, L5 is

Answer 41

non-neutral

Question 42

In backward torsion, which tests are positive

Answer 42

lumbosacral spring test & positive backward bending test

Question 43

Bilateral sacral flexion/extension, seated flexion test is

Answer 43

FALSELY NEGATIVE (both SI joints are restricted so asymmetry cannot be appreciated)

Question 44

Due to birthing mechanics, what is a common sacral SD finding in postpartum pts?

Answer 44

Bilateral sacral flexion

Question 45

Which would have a +lumbosacral spring test, Bilateral sacral flexion or extension?

Answer 45

Bilateral sacral extension

Question 46

psoas syndrome - common lumbar SD finding

Answer 46

L1 or L2 flexed, SB & rotated toward side of iliopsoas contracture

Question 47

OMT for sacral SD should 1st begin w/

Answer 47

treating L5 SD