Chapter 2 - Cervical Spine Flashcards
Atypical segments?
C1 & C2
C1 is atypical bc
it lacks a spinous process & vertebral body
C2 is atypical bc
it has a dens that projects superiorly to articulate with C1
C2-C6 have
bifid spinous processes, articular pillars posterior to TPs, & foramen transversarium allowing vertebral a. to pass
Origin of anterior & middle & posterior scalene
posterior tubercle of cervical spine TPs
Insertion of anterior & middle scalene
Rib 1
Unilateral Action of anterior & middle & posterior scalene
sidebend to same side
Bilateral Action of anterior & middle & posterior scalene
flex neck
During forced inhalation, which mm elevate Rib 1
anterior & middle scalene
Insertion of posterior scalene
rib 2
During forced inhalation, which mm elevate Rib 2
posterior scalene
With a rib 1 or 2 inhaled dysfunction, where might you find a TP?
in scalene mm (posterior to clavicle at base of neck)
SCM Origin
mastoid process & lateral half of superior nuchal line
SCM Insertion
Medial 1/3 of clavicle & sternum
SCM unilateral action
SB ipsilateral & rotate opposite
SCM bilateral action
flexion of neck
SCM restrictions result in
torticollis
SCM divides the neck into
posterior & anterior triangles
Alar ligament
sides of dens -> lateral margins of foramen magnum
Transverse ligament
lateral masses of C1 to dens
Atlanto-axial subluxation is often seen with what conditions
RA & Down’s Syndrome
Rupture of transverse ligament
catastrophic neuro damage
Joints of Luschka or Uncovertebral Joints
uncinate processes of C3-C7 articulation w/ superior vertebra
Joints of Luschka play an important role in what motion
cervical SB
Degenerative changes & hypertrophy of the Joints of Luschka can cause
stenosis of the intervertebral foramina leading to nerve root compression
MOST common cause of cervical nerve root compression is
degeneration of the Joints of Luschka + hypertrophic arthritis of the intervertebral joints
Cervical nerves exit
ABOVE corresponding vertebrae (C8 exits b/w C7 & T1)
Brachial plexus nerve roots
C5-T1
OA
occipital condyles on C1
OA primary motion
Flexion/Extension
OA atypical motion
SB & R occur to opposite sides
AA
atlas on axis
AA primary motion
rotation (AA rotated R - C1 rotated R on C2)
C2-C7 motion
SB & R occur to same side
Major motion of C2-C4
Rotation
Major motion of C5-C7
SB
OA determining SB component
determine sulci depth (L SB = deep right OA sulcus)
AA motion testing
Flex neck to 45 degree angle & rotate head (locks out C2-C7 rotation)
Acute injury to cervical spine, Tx w/
indirect (counterstrain)
Cervical foraminal stenosis - HPI
dull achy/shooting pain/paresthesias
Cervical foraminal stenosis - Testing
+Spurlings test, increased pain with neck extension
Cervical foraminal stenosis - Treatment
maintain ROM (ART, ME, MFR, CS, FPR)
