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Biology .1 > Chapter 6 Pt.2 - Organelles And Cell Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Pt.2 - Organelles And Cell Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Three rules of cell theory

A
  1. all living things are made of cells
  2. All existing cells are produced by other living cells
  3. Cells are the basic unit of life
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2
Q

When did The history of cell theory start?

A

1600s

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3
Q

Who are the two central figure in the cell theory?How did they contribute?

A

Hooke - Named cell from Cork

Leeuwenhoek - Observed with his microscope under living microbe cells in rainwater blood plague etc.

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4
Q

All living things may be made out of cells, but they can be either ____ or _____

A

Unicellular or multicellular

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5
Q

Unicellular definition

A

Composed of one cell

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6
Q

Multicellular definition

A

Composed of many cells that may organized into tissues, organs, organ systems

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7
Q

There are two main types of cells: ______ and _______ ( not multi or uni )

A

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic

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8
Q

Does a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell having membrane-bound organelle or a nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic - Do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic - Has both a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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9
Q

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells reproduce or divide?

A

Prokaryotic - Reproduces or divides through binary fission

Eukaryotic - Reproduces or divides through mitosis

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10
Q

Are prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells unicellular or multicellular?

A

Prokaryotic - Uni cellular

Eukaryotic - UNI or multicellular

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11
Q

Do prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells have cell walls?

A

Prokaryotic - Has cell walls made of peptidoglycan

Eukaryotic - Only fungi or plants made of chitin or cellulose have cell walls

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12
Q

What are some example of Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic - Just bacteria

Eukaryotic - Includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists

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13
Q

Although there are Two types, what are some things that all cells have?

A

A cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material ( DNA and RNA )

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14
Q

Definition of organelles

A

Specialized structures within the cell that work together to help the cell function

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15
Q

Organelles work together for one main purpose:

A

To make proteins

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16
Q

Nucleus definition

A

Control center for all activity in the cell

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17
Q

Nucleoli definition

A

Synthesis for RNA (For protein making)

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18
Q

Nuclear envelope definition

A

Double layered semi permeable membrane, controls the ins and outs of molecules to the nucleus

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19
Q

Chromosomes definition

A

Contain DNA for heredity

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20
Q

Cytosol definition

A

Semifluid material (Cytoplasm includes all organelles cytosol )

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21
Q

Mitochondria definition

A

ATP synthesis for respiration, Powerhouse for energy

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22
Q

Cell membrane definition

A

Double layered semi permeable; Controls the ins And outs of molecules to the cell

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23
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum definition

A

Network system of tubes connecting organelles

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24
Q

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

A

Smooth does not have ribosomes, rough does

25
Q

Ribosomes definition

A

Small bodies in which proteins are made

26
Q

Golgi apparatus definition

A

Flat socks the package and secrete molecules for export

27
Q

Vacuoles Definition

A

Vesicles for storage of salt, enzymes, food pigments, H2O

Larger in plants

Contractile vacuole pumps water out only for protists

28
Q

Cytoskeleton definition

A

Protein network for shape, movement , made of microtubules

29
Q

What are some extensions of the cytoskeleton? Where is this found?

A

Only in protists/ bacteria:

Flagella is whiplike, Cillia is shorthairs

30
Q

Cell wall definition

A

Plants only

Nonliving, rigid, give support

31
Q

Chloroplast definition

A

Plants only

Green plastids for photosynthesis

32
Q

Lysosomes definition

A

Animals only

Have enzymes, Digest waste and bacteria

33
Q

Centrioles definition

A

Animals only

Tube like, for cell reproduction in mitosis

34
Q

Structure of cell membrane

A

Surrounds the outside of all cells, made of two layers known as the phospholipid bilayer

35
Q

Job of cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

36
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Made of two layers of fats

37
Q

FATS definition

A

Phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails and are protein in bedded

38
Q

Why is the phospholipid bilayer called fluid Mosaic model

A

Because it is composed of many parts to move around freely

39
Q

What is the cytoskeleton? What are cute if it’s functions?

A

The cytoskeleton is a network of thread like fibers made of proteins. It gives the cell shape and can also move organelles around. They provide structural support for animal cells who don’t have a cell wall.

40
Q

Cytosol structure and job

A

Cytosol Is just the fluid. It’s structure consists of a jelly like substance mostly made of water. It’s job is to hold everything in place and provides a solution for chemical reactions to take place.

41
Q

DNA spread out versus condensed

A

When DNA is spread out it is called chromomatin. When DNA is condensed it forms chromosomes

42
Q

Nucleus structure and job

A

The nucleus is surrounded by nuclear envelope and membrane with nuclear pores control what goes in and out. It’s job is to protect that controls the activities.

43
Q

Nucleolus job

A

The nucleolus is inside of the nucleus. It’s job is to make rRNA which make up ribosomes.

44
Q

Ribosomes job.

A

Ribosomes are made of protein and rRNA, located on Rough ER and floating in cytoplasm. It’s job is to make proteins.

45
Q

ROUGH ER (Job)

A

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on the surface and hugs the nucleus. It’s job is to make proteins.

46
Q

Smooth ER (jobs)

A

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum has NO ribosomes on it’s surface and is attached to the rough ER.

It’s jobs to make lipids (membrane), destroy toxins (liver), and regulate calcium (muscles)

47
Q

Two parts of the Mitochondria

A

inner membrane and matrix (fluid part)

48
Q

What process takes place in the Mitochondria?

A

Cellular respiration happens =

C6H12O6 + 6CO2 => 6COs + 6H20 + energy (ATP)

It breaks down energy as ATP

49
Q

Golgi apparatus job

A

IT’s a folded membrane that’s job is to get vesicles of protein from the ER.

50
Q

Vesicles job

A

“mini-carts” that transport proteins around the cell. It processes sorts, and ships proteins where needed.

51
Q

Vacuoles job

A

They’re small and numerous in animal cells, and is 1 large central one in plant cells. It’s jOB is storage (water, nutrients, waste, etc.)

52
Q

Lysosomes job

A

ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

Contain enzymes, their job its to break down dead stuff (food, bacteria, old parts of cell, etc.) can do programmed cell death (apoptosis)

53
Q

Centrioles/centrosomes job

A

ANIMAL CELLS ONLY

made of microtubules, job is to appear during cell division and helps cell divide and helps cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart

54
Q

Cillia vs flagella structure

A

Cillia = shorter, more numerous, like tiny oars

flagella = longer, fewer (1-3)

55
Q

cilia vs flagella job

A

cilia = move across cell surface

flagella = move entire cell

56
Q

chloroplast 2 parts

A

grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid)

57
Q

chloroplast job

A

where photosynthesis happens:

6CO2 + 6H20 => C6H12O6 + 6O2

converts energy into sugar

58
Q

cell wall structure + job

A

PLANT CELLS AND BACTERIA ONLY

made of cellulose (plants), chitin (fungi), and peptidoglycan (bacteria).

job is to protect and maintain shape

Biology .1 (10 decks)

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