Chapter 6 - Pigmented Growths

Question 1

pigment-forming cell

Answer 1

melanocyte

dendritic cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis

Question 2

a type of melanocyte, found in basal layer of the epidermis and dermis, arranged in nests and do not have dendritic processes

Answer 2

nevus cells

Question 3

melanocytes contain what type of enzyme that is necessary for pigment (melanin) synthesis and are thought to be derived from a progenitor cell in the neural crest

Answer 3

tyrosinase

Question 4

__ are the result of an increased number of melanocytes, nevus cells, or pigment deposition

Answer 4

pigmented growths

Question 5

hyperpigmented macule found in sunexposed areas of skin, the amount of melanin in the basal area of the epidermis is increased, with no increase in the number of melanocytes

Answer 5

freckle

Question 6

another name for a freckle

Answer 6

ephelis

Question 7

individual with fair complexion and reddish or sandy hair, 1-6 mm irregularly shaped, discrete brown macules

Answer 7

freckles

Question 8

Diff Dx of a freckle

Answer 8

Lentigo and junvtional nevus
Actinic lentigo - dont dark with sun exposure
Lentigo simplex - not confined to sun exposed skin
junctional nevi- acquired during childhood

Question 9

UV radiation induces an increase in melanin pigment in the basal layer of the epidermis without an increase in melanocytes

Answer 9

freckles

Question 10

hyperpigmented brown macule caused by an increased number of melanocytes

Answer 10

lentigo

Question 11

type of lentigo that arises in childhood and few in number

Answer 11

lentigo simplex

Question 12

type of lentigo that arise in middle age and are numerous in sun exposed skin

Answer 12

actinic (solar) lentigines

Question 13

may be congential or may arise in childhood, no relation to sun exposure

Answer 13

lentigo simplex

Question 14

acquired in middle age, does not fade and occurs in sun exposed skin, “liver spots”

Answer 14

actinic lentigo

Question 15

appears irregularly colored, irregularly bordered macule on sun exposed regions of the body

Answer 15

lentigo maligna

Question 16

a ___ is an in situ malignant melanoma

Answer 16

lentigo maligna

Question 17

a rare but distinctive syndrome is characterized by hundreds of lentigines on the trunk, head, and extremities including palms and soles

dominantly inherited, LEOPARD -Lentigines, Electrocardiographic abnormalitis, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonary stenosis,Abnormal genitalia, Retarded growth and development and Deafness.

Answer 17

multiple lengtigines syndrome

Question 18

dominantly inherited trait that is distinctive because of numerous lentigines occuring around the mouth and eyes as well as on the lips, oral mucosa and hands and feet in associated with GI polyps

Answer 18

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Question 19

patchy macular hyperpigmentation of the face, usually affects women

Answer 19

melasma

Question 20

mask of pregnancy

Answer 20

melasma

Question 21

Sunlight, pregnancy, and birth control pills exacerbate ____

Answer 21

melasma

Question 22

Diff Dx of melasma

Answer 22

Postinflammatory hyperpigmention

Freckles

Question 23

__ fades postpartum, with sunlight protection and with discontinuation of birth control pills, may take months to years for normal skin color to return

Answer 23

melasma

Question 24

a benign neoplasm of pigment forming cells, the nevus cell

Answer 24

nevus

Question 25

another name for nevus

Answer 25

mole

Question 26

congenital or acquired, and 3 different types of these are present

Answer 26

nevus

Question 27

name the 3 different types of nevus

Answer 27

junctional compound intradermal

Question 28

a macular, with nevus cells confined to base of the epidermis

Answer 28

junctional nevus

Question 29

papular with nevus cell in the epidermis and dermis

Answer 29

compound nevus

Question 30

nevi papular int he dermis only

Answer 30

intradermal nevus

Question 31

the pigmented lesion that differs from other nevi should be biopsied to rule out malginant melanoma

Answer 31

the ugly duckling

Question 32

flat or elevated, smooth or verrucoid, polypoid or sessile, and pigmented or flesh colored

Answer 32

nevi

Question 33

compound of spindle and epithelioid nevus cells, benign juvenile melanoma

Answer 33

spitz nevus

Question 34

smooth, round, slightly scaling, pink nodule that occurs most frequently in children

Answer 34

spitz nevus

Question 35

``` special nevi include: - - - - ```

Answer 35

spitz nevus blue dysplastic congenital

Question 36

small, steel-blue nodules that usually begin early in life, their important in diagnosis is their similar appearance to nodular melanoma

Answer 36

blue nevi

Question 37

larger than 5 mm, varigated in color with an erythematous background, and has a irregular indistinct border, initially recognized as markers for increased risk of melanoma in family members

Answer 37

atypical mole, dysplastic nevus

Question 38

present at birth, or shortly thereafter, usually elevated and have uniform, dark brown pigmentation with discrete borders

Answer 38

congenital nevus

Question 39

nevi that develop a surrounding depigmented zone are called

Answer 39

halo nevus

Question 40

cancerous neoplasm of pigment forming cells, melanocytes, and nevus cells, irregularly shaped and colored papule or plaque

Answer 40

maignant melanoma

Question 41

4 types of melanoma

Answer 41

Superficial spreading Lengtio maligna Nodular Acral lentiginous

Question 42

ABCDs of melanoma

Answer 42

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegration, Diameter greater than 6 mm

Question 43

most common type of melansoma

Answer 43

superficial spreading melanoma

Question 44

irregular in color (red, white and blue) surface (papular or nodular) and border (notched) occur anywhere on the body

Answer 44

superficial spreading melanoma

Question 45

rapidly growing, blue-black, smooth or eroded nodule, occurs anywhere on the body, begins in vertical growth phase, so is less likely to be diagnosed in a premetastatic stage

Answer 45

nodular melanoma

Question 46

occurs on the palms, soles, and distal portion of the toes or fingers irregular, enlarging, black growth phase in this type of melanoma can be deceptive, showing only a small degree of papular elevation associated with a deep invasion

Answer 46

acral lentiginous

Question 47

during what growth phase, malginant melanoma is totally curable

Answer 47

horizontal growth phase

Question 48

what melanoma type has only a vertical growth phase

Answer 48

nodular melanoma