Chapter 6 - Pigmented Growths Flashcards
pigment-forming cell
melanocyte
dendritic cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis
a type of melanocyte, found in basal layer of the epidermis and dermis, arranged in nests and do not have dendritic processes
nevus cells
melanocytes contain what type of enzyme that is necessary for pigment (melanin) synthesis and are thought to be derived from a progenitor cell in the neural crest
tyrosinase
__ are the result of an increased number of melanocytes, nevus cells, or pigment deposition
pigmented growths
hyperpigmented macule found in sunexposed areas of skin, the amount of melanin in the basal area of the epidermis is increased, with no increase in the number of melanocytes
freckle
another name for a freckle
ephelis
individual with fair complexion and reddish or sandy hair, 1-6 mm irregularly shaped, discrete brown macules
freckles
Diff Dx of a freckle
Lentigo and junvtional nevus
Actinic lentigo - dont dark with sun exposure
Lentigo simplex - not confined to sun exposed skin
junctional nevi- acquired during childhood
UV radiation induces an increase in melanin pigment in the basal layer of the epidermis without an increase in melanocytes
freckles
hyperpigmented brown macule caused by an increased number of melanocytes
lentigo
type of lentigo that arises in childhood and few in number
lentigo simplex
type of lentigo that arise in middle age and are numerous in sun exposed skin
actinic (solar) lentigines
may be congential or may arise in childhood, no relation to sun exposure
lentigo simplex
acquired in middle age, does not fade and occurs in sun exposed skin, “liver spots”
actinic lentigo
appears irregularly colored, irregularly bordered macule on sun exposed regions of the body
lentigo maligna
a ___ is an in situ malignant melanoma
lentigo maligna
a rare but distinctive syndrome is characterized by hundreds of lentigines on the trunk, head, and extremities including palms and soles
dominantly inherited, LEOPARD -Lentigines, Electrocardiographic abnormalitis, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonary stenosis,Abnormal genitalia, Retarded growth and development and Deafness.
multiple lengtigines syndrome
dominantly inherited trait that is distinctive because of numerous lentigines occuring around the mouth and eyes as well as on the lips, oral mucosa and hands and feet in associated with GI polyps
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
patchy macular hyperpigmentation of the face, usually affects women
melasma
mask of pregnancy
melasma
Sunlight, pregnancy, and birth control pills exacerbate ____
melasma
Diff Dx of melasma
Postinflammatory hyperpigmention
Freckles
__ fades postpartum, with sunlight protection and with discontinuation of birth control pills, may take months to years for normal skin color to return
melasma
a benign neoplasm of pigment forming cells, the nevus cell
nevus
another name for nevus
mole
congenital or acquired, and 3 different types of these are present
nevus
name the 3 different types of nevus
junctional
compound
intradermal
a macular, with nevus cells confined to base of the epidermis
junctional nevus
papular with nevus cell in the epidermis and dermis
compound nevus
nevi papular int he dermis only
intradermal nevus
the pigmented lesion that differs from other nevi should be biopsied to rule out malginant melanoma
the ugly duckling
flat or elevated, smooth or verrucoid, polypoid or sessile, and pigmented or flesh colored
nevi
compound of spindle and epithelioid nevus cells, benign juvenile melanoma
spitz nevus
smooth, round, slightly scaling, pink nodule that occurs most frequently in children
spitz nevus
special nevi include: - - - -
spitz nevus
blue
dysplastic
congenital
small, steel-blue nodules that usually begin early in life, their important in diagnosis is their similar appearance to nodular melanoma
blue nevi
larger than 5 mm, varigated in color with an erythematous background, and has a irregular indistinct border, initially recognized as markers for increased risk of melanoma in family members
atypical mole, dysplastic nevus
present at birth, or shortly thereafter, usually elevated and have uniform, dark brown pigmentation with discrete borders
congenital nevus
nevi that develop a surrounding depigmented zone are called
halo nevus
cancerous neoplasm of pigment forming cells, melanocytes, and nevus cells, irregularly shaped and colored papule or plaque
maignant melanoma
4 types of melanoma
Superficial spreading
Lengtio maligna
Nodular
Acral lentiginous
ABCDs of melanoma
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegration, Diameter greater than 6 mm
most common type of melansoma
superficial spreading melanoma
irregular in color (red, white and blue) surface (papular or nodular) and border (notched) occur anywhere on the body
superficial spreading melanoma
rapidly growing, blue-black, smooth or eroded nodule, occurs anywhere on the body, begins in vertical growth phase, so is less likely to be diagnosed in a premetastatic stage
nodular melanoma
occurs on the palms, soles, and distal portion of the toes or fingers irregular, enlarging, black growth phase in this type of melanoma can be deceptive, showing only a small degree of papular elevation associated with a deep invasion
acral lentiginous
during what growth phase, malginant melanoma is totally curable
horizontal growth phase
what melanoma type has only a vertical growth phase
nodular melanoma
