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Dermatology - Chapters > Chapter 6 - Pigmented Growths > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Pigmented Growths Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

pigment-forming cell

A

melanocyte

dendritic cells found in the basal layer of the epidermis

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2
Q

a type of melanocyte, found in basal layer of the epidermis and dermis, arranged in nests and do not have dendritic processes

A

nevus cells

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3
Q

melanocytes contain what type of enzyme that is necessary for pigment (melanin) synthesis and are thought to be derived from a progenitor cell in the neural crest

A

tyrosinase

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4
Q

__ are the result of an increased number of melanocytes, nevus cells, or pigment deposition

A

pigmented growths

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5
Q

hyperpigmented macule found in sunexposed areas of skin, the amount of melanin in the basal area of the epidermis is increased, with no increase in the number of melanocytes

A

freckle

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6
Q

another name for a freckle

A

ephelis

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7
Q

individual with fair complexion and reddish or sandy hair, 1-6 mm irregularly shaped, discrete brown macules

A

freckles

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8
Q

Diff Dx of a freckle

A

Lentigo and junvtional nevus
Actinic lentigo - dont dark with sun exposure
Lentigo simplex - not confined to sun exposed skin
junctional nevi- acquired during childhood

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9
Q

UV radiation induces an increase in melanin pigment in the basal layer of the epidermis without an increase in melanocytes

A

freckles

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10
Q

hyperpigmented brown macule caused by an increased number of melanocytes

A

lentigo

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11
Q

type of lentigo that arises in childhood and few in number

A

lentigo simplex

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12
Q

type of lentigo that arise in middle age and are numerous in sun exposed skin

A

actinic (solar) lentigines

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13
Q

may be congential or may arise in childhood, no relation to sun exposure

A

lentigo simplex

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14
Q

acquired in middle age, does not fade and occurs in sun exposed skin, “liver spots”

A

actinic lentigo

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15
Q

appears irregularly colored, irregularly bordered macule on sun exposed regions of the body

A

lentigo maligna

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16
Q

a ___ is an in situ malignant melanoma

A

lentigo maligna

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17
Q

a rare but distinctive syndrome is characterized by hundreds of lentigines on the trunk, head, and extremities including palms and soles

dominantly inherited, LEOPARD -Lentigines, Electrocardiographic abnormalitis, Ocular hypertelorism, Pulmonary stenosis,Abnormal genitalia, Retarded growth and development and Deafness.

A

multiple lengtigines syndrome

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18
Q

dominantly inherited trait that is distinctive because of numerous lentigines occuring around the mouth and eyes as well as on the lips, oral mucosa and hands and feet in associated with GI polyps

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

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19
Q

patchy macular hyperpigmentation of the face, usually affects women

A

melasma

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20
Q

mask of pregnancy

A

melasma

21
Q

Sunlight, pregnancy, and birth control pills exacerbate ____

A

melasma

22
Q

Diff Dx of melasma

A

Postinflammatory hyperpigmention

Freckles

23
Q

__ fades postpartum, with sunlight protection and with discontinuation of birth control pills, may take months to years for normal skin color to return

A

melasma

24
Q

a benign neoplasm of pigment forming cells, the nevus cell

A

nevus

25
Q

another name for nevus

A

mole

26
Q

congenital or acquired, and 3 different types of these are present

A

nevus

27
Q

name the 3 different types of nevus

A

junctional
compound
intradermal

28
Q

a macular, with nevus cells confined to base of the epidermis

A

junctional nevus

29
Q

papular with nevus cell in the epidermis and dermis

A

compound nevus

30
Q

nevi papular int he dermis only

A

intradermal nevus

31
Q

the pigmented lesion that differs from other nevi should be biopsied to rule out malginant melanoma

A

the ugly duckling

32
Q

flat or elevated, smooth or verrucoid, polypoid or sessile, and pigmented or flesh colored

A

nevi

33
Q

compound of spindle and epithelioid nevus cells, benign juvenile melanoma

A

spitz nevus

34
Q

smooth, round, slightly scaling, pink nodule that occurs most frequently in children

A

spitz nevus

35
Q 
special nevi include:
-
-
-
-
A

spitz nevus
blue
dysplastic
congenital

36
Q

small, steel-blue nodules that usually begin early in life, their important in diagnosis is their similar appearance to nodular melanoma

A

blue nevi

37
Q

larger than 5 mm, varigated in color with an erythematous background, and has a irregular indistinct border, initially recognized as markers for increased risk of melanoma in family members

A

atypical mole, dysplastic nevus

38
Q

present at birth, or shortly thereafter, usually elevated and have uniform, dark brown pigmentation with discrete borders

A

congenital nevus

39
Q

nevi that develop a surrounding depigmented zone are called

A

halo nevus

40
Q

cancerous neoplasm of pigment forming cells, melanocytes, and nevus cells, irregularly shaped and colored papule or plaque

A

maignant melanoma

41
Q

4 types of melanoma

A

Superficial spreading
Lengtio maligna
Nodular
Acral lentiginous

42
Q

ABCDs of melanoma

A

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegration, Diameter greater than 6 mm

43
Q

most common type of melansoma

A

superficial spreading melanoma

44
Q

irregular in color (red, white and blue) surface (papular or nodular) and border (notched) occur anywhere on the body

A

superficial spreading melanoma

45
Q

rapidly growing, blue-black, smooth or eroded nodule, occurs anywhere on the body, begins in vertical growth phase, so is less likely to be diagnosed in a premetastatic stage

A

nodular melanoma

46
Q

occurs on the palms, soles, and distal portion of the toes or fingers irregular, enlarging, black growth phase in this type of melanoma can be deceptive, showing only a small degree of papular elevation associated with a deep invasion

A

acral lentiginous

47
Q

during what growth phase, malginant melanoma is totally curable

A

horizontal growth phase

48
Q

what melanoma type has only a vertical growth phase

A

nodular melanoma

Dermatology - Chapters (18 decks)

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