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Dermatology - Chapters > Ch. 7-Dermal & Subcutaneous Growths > Flashcards

Ch. 7-Dermal & Subcutaneous Growths Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is helpful with distinguishing features of dermal & subcutaneous growths?

A

color & consistency

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2
Q

an area of focal dermal fibrosis, often accompanied by overlying epidermal thickening & hyperpigmentation.

A

dermatofibroma

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3
Q

Dermatofibromas are common and most often seen in ____.

A

young adults

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4
Q

Dermatofibromas are symptomatic/asymptomatic.

A

asymptomatic

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5
Q

What is a helpful diagnostic test used to determine dermatofibromas?

A

‘dimple sign’

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6
Q

Where is the most common locations where dermatofibromas occur?

A

thighs and legs

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7
Q

How does dermatofibroma appear clinically?

A

a brown papule or small nodule, often more indurated than elevated

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8
Q

a low-grade malignant fibrous tumor that grows slowly but persistently, and rarely metastasizes; it is distinguished from a dermatofibroma by its larger size, irregular shape, and continued growth.

A

dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

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9
Q

What may be an initiating factor for some of dermatofibroma lesions?

A

trauma

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10
Q

a cyst derived from the upper portion of the epithelial lining of a hair follicle and is located in the mid and lower dermis

A

epidermal inclusion cyst

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11
Q

T/F: epidermal inclusion cysts are usually asymptomatic, slow growing, and most frequently are found incidentally by either the patient or the examining physician

A

TRUE

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12
Q

How do epidermal inclusion cysts present clinically?

A

flesh-colored, firm but malleable, solitary nodule in the skin

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13
Q

What are the key diagnostic features of epidermal inclusion cysts?

A

a central pore and cheesy, foul-smelling discharge

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14
Q

T/F: to prevent recurrence of epidermal inclusion cysts, the entire cyst, with its lining, should be removed

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What is the range in size of epidermal inclusion cysts?

A

0.5 - 5 cm

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16
Q

What are multiple epidermal inclusion cysts a feature of?

A

Gardner syndrome

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17
Q

an uncommon, autosomal dominant, heritable disorder manifested by multiple epidermal cysts, fibromas, osteomas, and intestinal polyp.

A

Gardner syndrome

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18
Q

a benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis and subcutis.

A

hemangioma

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19
Q

What is the most common soft tissue tumor of infancy, occurring more frequently in premature, white females.

A

hemangioma

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20
Q

What are the types of hemangiomas?

A
  1. superficial
  2. subcutaneous
  3. mixed
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21
Q

How do superficial hemangiomas appear clinically?

A

a lesion of bright red color

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22
Q

How do subcutaneous hemangiomas appear clinically?

A

a lesion with a bluish hue

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23
Q

How do mixed hemangiomas appear clinically?

A

bright red, dome-shaped nodules

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24
Q

What is a diagnostic feature found in many (but not all) hemangiomas?

A

blanchability

25
Q

T/F: Most hemangiomas continually increase in size.

A

FASLE (most involute spontaneously during childhood)

26
Q

A malignant vascular tumor derived from endothelial cells

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

27
Q

What are the 3 types of Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A
  1. classic
  2. lymphadenopathic
  3. AIDS-associated
28
Q

Which form of Kaposi’s sarcoma occurs primarily in elderly men of Eastern European descent?

A

Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma

29
Q

Which form of Kaposi’s sarcoma is an aggressive form that primarily occurs in equatorial Africa, where it accounts for approximately 9% of all cancers?

A

Lymphadenopathic Kaposi’s sarcoma

30
Q

T/F: You should test for HIV in patients who are newly diagnosed with Kaposi’s sarcoma.

A

TRUE

31
Q

How does Kaposi’s sarcoma present clinically?

A

the lesions may appear as macules, papules, dermal plaques, or nodules that are purple.

32
Q

excessive proliferation of collagen (scar tissue) after trauma to the skin

A

keloid

33
Q

How do keloids present clincally?

A

as elevated, firm, protuberant nodules or plaques pink or dark-brown in color

34
Q

Who is keloids most common in?

A

black people 10 - 30 years old

35
Q

What regions of the body are more common locations for keloids?

A

earlobes, shoulders, upper chest, and back

36
Q

What does histologic examination of keloids show?

A

whorls and nodules of highly compacted hyalinized bands of collagen

37
Q

a benign tumor of subcutaneous fat

A

lipoma

38
Q

How does a lipoma present clinically?

A

as a rubbery nodule that appears only slightly elevated above the skin’s surface but is easily palpable deep in the skin

39
Q

What is the size range of lipomas and where are they most often found?

A
  • range from 1-10cm

- found on the trunk, neck, and upper extremities

40
Q

T/F: A lipoma is usually shallower, more stable, and less rubbery than an epidermal inclusion cyst.

A

FALSE (deeper, more freely movable, and more rubbery)

41
Q

How does a lipoma appear histologically?

A

as an encapsulated collection of normal fat cells

42
Q

What represents a focal proliferation of nerual tissue within the dermis?

A

neurofibroma

43
Q

What two ways may a neurofibroma appear clinically?

A
  1. soft, protruding papules and nodules (most often)

2. deep, firm, subcutaneous nodules (less often)

44
Q

a dominantly inherited neurocutaneous disorder with prominent skin, skeletal, and nervous system abnormalities

A

von Recklinghausen’s disease (neurofibromatosis 1)

45
Q

Ophthalmologic examination of ___ is useful in diagnosing neurofibromatosis 1.

A

Lisch nodules

46
Q

What is a characteristic sign of soft papules and nodules of neurofibroma?

A

‘buttonhole’ sign

47
Q

What is neurofibromatosis 1 caused by?

A

an abnormal gene, NF-1, on chromosome 17

48
Q

What represents a focal collection of lipid-laden histiocytes in the dermis or tendons?

A

xanthoma

49
Q

How do xanthomas located in the dermis appear clinically?

A

yellowish papules, plaques, and nodules

50
Q

How do tendon xanthomas appear clinically?

A

deep, flesh-colored, hard nodules located within peripheral tendons

51
Q

What are the most frequently encountered xanthomas?

A

flat xanthomas on the eyelids

52
Q

A type of xanthoma that presents as yellowish plaques on the eyelids & is the only type that is not accompanied by an increase in either plasma cholesterol or triglyceride concentration.

A

xanthelasma

53
Q

A type of xanthoma that presents as reddish-yellowish papules & plaques on the extensor surfaces of patients with markedly raised triglyceride levels

A

Eruptive xanthomas

54
Q

A type of xanthoma that presents as stony hard nodules occurring on tendons, most often the Achilles tendon & the extensor tendons of the fingers in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia

A

Tendon xanthomas

55
Q

A type of xanthoma that presents as yellowish ‘potato-like’ papules and nodules most often found on the elbows & buttocks in patients with increased serum triglyceride or cholesterol levels

A

Tuberous xanthomas

56
Q

What are the major causes of the yellow color in skin papules of xanthoma?

A
  1. sebaceous glands
  2. lipid deposits
  3. granulomas
57
Q

What is the suggested therapy for a patient with xanthoma?

A

lowering the abnormal lipid levels with diet or meds

58
Q

T/F: Eruptive xanthomas usually resolve when triglyceride levels are lowered.

A

TRUE

Dermatology - Chapters (18 decks)

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