Chapter 6 (Periodic Table) Flashcards
What did J. W. Dobereiner discover about the periodic table?
Published a classification system for elements. Grouped elements in triads by similar propeties.
What did Mendeleev do?
Made the original periodic table.
What did Meyer do?
Also made the periodic table but right after Mendeleev so he gained no credit.
What did Moseley discover about the periodic table?
There is an atomic number for each element. (Better Classification)
How did Lavoisier change chemistry?
Change from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today.
What did Newlands discover about the periodic table?
Law of Octaves
What’s a triad?
A group of three elements with similar properties.
What’s the periodic law?
When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
What’s a period?
A row of a periodic table.
What’s a group or family?
A column of the periodic table.
What’s metal?
Elements that are generally shiny solids at room temperature. They are good conductors of heat & electricity.
What’s a nonmetal?
Elements that are non-conductors of heat & electricity.
What’s a metalloid?
Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals.
What are the alkali metals?
Group 1A elements.
What are alkaline earth metals?
Group 2A elements.
What are the halogens?
Group 7A elements.
What are the noble gases?
Group 8A elements.
What is the boron family?
Group 3A elements.
What is the carbon family?
Group 4A elements.
What is the nitrogen family?
Group 5A elements.
What is the oxygen family?
Group 6A elements.
What are the representative elements?
Groups 1A - 7A elements. These elements have their s or p sublevels unfilled.
What are transition metals?
Elements that their highest d sublevel is unfilled.
What are inner transition metals?
Elements with their highest f sublevel unfilled.
What is an octave?
Group of 8 electrons with similar properties.
What is the Law of Octaves?
When elements are arranged in increasing order of atomic weights, every eighth element has similar properties to the first.
What is the lanthanide series?
Elements 57-70 (f block)
What is the actinide series?
Elements 89-102 (f block)
What are valence electrons?
The outermost s and p electrons are used for bonding. They can be lost, gained, or shared.
What’s periodicity?
Definite, repetitive patterns on a periodic table.
What is Atomic Radius?
How big the atom is. 2 atoms next to each other, nucleus to nucleus, then halve it.
- Increases Right to Left
-Increases Top to Bottom
What is Ionic Radius?
How big the ion is. Ions w/ a positive charge are normally smaller than ions with a negative charge.
-Increases Right to Left
-Increases Top to Bottom
What is electronegativity?
How strong is the attraction of an atom for electrons?
- Increases Left to Right
- Increases Bottom to Top
IGNORE NOBLE GASES
What is ionization energy?
The amount of energy needed to remove an electron.
- Increases Left to Right
- Increases Bottom to Top
What is effective nuclear charge?
the number of Protons in an element (More Protons More Effective Nuclear Charge)
What is shielding?
How many electrons are between the nucleus & electrons in question? (More Electrons More Shielding)
