Chapter 5 (Electrons)

Question 1

What did Einstein discover about electrons?

Answer 1

The dual wave-particle nature of light. Light bends like water waves.

Question 2

What did De Broglie discover about electrons?

Answer 2

Developed the wave theory of matter.

Question 3

What did Heisenberg discover about electrons?

Answer 3

States that it is impossible to know particle velocity & position at the same time. (You can only know one.)

Question 4

What did Maxwell discover about electrons?

Answer 4

Discovered the Photoelectric Effect.

Question 5

What’s an orbital?

Answer 5

A region where an electron can be found with high probability.

Question 6

What’s the electron cloud?

Answer 6

A blur of electrons moving around the nucleus in energy levels.

Question 7

What’s the principal energy level?

Answer 7

An assigned number (1 to 7) that corresponds to the rows on the periodic table.

Question 8

What’s a sublevel?

Answer 8

A sublevel is assigned a letter that represents the area of probability in which that electron can be found.

Question 9

How many orbital electrons regions does each sublevel have?

Answer 9

S - 1
P - 3
D - 5
F - 7

Question 10

What is the maximum amount of electrons each sublevel can hold?

Answer 10

S - 2
P - 6
D - 10
F - 14

Question 11

What’s the Aufbau Principle?

Answer 11

Determining the energy filling order of electrons, electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first.

Question 12

What’s an orbital diagram?

Answer 12

A representation of the distribution of electrons around the nucleus.

Question 13

What is an electron configuration?

Answer 13

A diagram to show what energy levels are filled of all the electrons in a given element.

Question 14

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

Answer 14

Only 2 electrons can occupy an orbital and they must have opposite spins.

Question 15

What’s Hund’s Rule?

Answer 15

When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with all parallel spins.

Question 16

What is a Noble Gas Configuration or Shorthand Configuration?

Answer 16

A way of showing electron configuration by putting first the noble gas that comes before the element.

Question 17

What is the excited state?

Answer 17

When electrons are given energy (from heat or electricity) the electrons become excited and move to a higher energy level.

Question 18

What’s the ground state?

Answer 18

Once an electrons moves back down to their original condition, they are in ground state.

Question 19

What’s the Bright Line Spectrum?

Answer 19

four-lines on the visible light spectrum that acts like a fingerprint to an element.

Question 20

What’s the electromagnetic spectrum?

Answer 20

a range in frequencies and their respective wavelengths.

Question 21

What’s amplitude?

Answer 21

The distance to either the top or the bottom of a wave of light.

Question 22

What’s the crest?

Answer 22

The top of a wave.

Question 23

What’s the trough?

Answer 23

The bottom of a wave.

Question 24

What’s wavelength?

Answer 24

The distance from crest to crest or trough to trough or node to node.

Question 25

What’s a node?

Answer 25

Where the wave intersects w/ “the middle line.”

Question 26

What’s frequency?

Answer 26

The # of times a wave passes a point in time.

Question 27

What type of relationship to wavelength and frequency have?

Answer 27

Inverse

Question 28

What are the units of wavelength(λ)?

Answer 28

m, cm, & mm

Question 29

What are the units of frequency(ν)?

Answer 29

Hz = 1/sec = waves/sec

Question 30

What is the equation that relates wavelength and frequency to the speed of light?

Answer 30

c=λv

Question 31

What is the equation that relates energy to frequency?

Answer 31

E=hv

Question 32

What is the equation that relates energy to wavelength and the speed of light?

Answer 32

E=hc/λ

Question 33

What is the speed of light?

Answer 33

3.0 x 10^8 m/s

Question 34

What’s Planck’s Constant?

Answer 34

6.626 x 10^-34 Joule seconds (J s)

Question 35

What’s a quantum?

Answer 35

The minimum amount of energy required for one electron to “jump” from energy level to another.

Question 36

What’s a photon?

Answer 36

A particle that represents light or electromagnetic radiation.

Question 37

What’s the atomic emission spectrum?

Answer 37

The spectrum of visible light used to mark out the bright-line spectrum of an element.

Question 38

What’s valence electron spin?

Answer 38

The direction of spin of a valence electron in it’s orbital. If it’s “up” its +1/2, when it’s “down” its -1/2