Chapter 4 (Atoms) Flashcards
What are the main aspects of atom history?
- Atomos & Democritus in 400. BC
-JJ Thomson discovering electrons and making the Plum Pudding Model
-Robert Millikan discovering electron charge through the oil drop experiment
-Ernest Rutherford through the gold foil experiment discovering the nucleus of the atom.
-Neils Bohr encountering energy levels and producing the Planetary (Bohr) model.
-James Chadwick discovering Neutrons.
What do we believe about atoms today?
Erwin Schrodinger’s Quantum or Cloud Model
What’s John Dalton’s Atomic Theory?
-All matter is made of atoms.
-Atoms are indivisible & indestructible.
-All atoms of a given element are identical in mass & properties.
-Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
-A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
What are the properties of a proton?
-Found in Nucleus
- +1 Charge
- Relative Mass of 1 AMU
What are the properties of a neutron?
-Found in Nucleus
- 0 Charge
- Relative Mass of 1 AMU
What are the properties of an electron?
-Found in energy levels outside the nucleus
- -1 Charge
-Relative Mass of 0 AMU
What is an elements’ atomic number?
The # of protons in nucleus. Unique for each element.
What is an elements’ mass number?
The # of protons and the # of neutrons in an element.
What is an isotope?
a # of Neutrons either gained or lost from an elements creates an isotope.
What are the two types of elemental or isotopic notations?
Isotopic Notation & Nuclear Notation
What is Isotopic Notation?
23 (p+ + n0)
Na (element symbol)
11 (p+)
What is Nuclear Notation?
Written in the form elemental symbol-mass number?
Ex: Na-23
What is an ion?
A charged particle/element caused by either the loss of electrons or the gain of electrons.
What’s a cation?
A positive ion.
What’s an anion?
A negative ion.
