Chapter 6 Part 1

Question 1

Personality =

Answer 1

a unique pattern of innate & learned:
a) behaviors, b) emotions, and c) thoughts. The 3 of them influence people’s interactions and their responses to the environment

Question 2

Psychiatric disorders may…

Answer 2

appear for the 1st time in old age

Question 3

The stressful aging process requires ______; the _______ of the older adult impacts the quality of this coping

Answer 3

coping, personality style

Question 4

Freud believed that

Answer 4

by adolescence, personality was stable

Question 5

Erik Erikson (EE) devised

Answer 5

8 psychosocial stages of ego development, believing that personality is affected by human interactions

Question 6

EE’s epigenetic principle =

Answer 6

there is an innate developmental plan, so that as people mature emotionally & cognitively, they can interact with the environment better

Question 7

Ego integrity vs. despair =

Answer 7

crisis associated with older age = people must:

a) accept mortality
b) gain perspective & wisdom
c) integrate past experiences in a meaningful way
d) feel that they have achieved “socially successful” aging
e) achieve life satisfaction, usually through good:
1) health
2) marital relationship
3) financial status
4) availability of a confidant

Question 8

Research shows that generative adults and older adults are more concerned than younger people about:

Answer 8

a) their own children &

b) the young in society

Question 9

Carl Jung (CJ) focused on ego development =

Answer 9

= the ego goes from: a) extraversion, focusing on externals, to b) introversion, focusing on the inner world as we age

Question 10

CJ believed in changes in archetypes due to aging =

Answer 10

there are two main archetypes: a) the feminine side of a man (anima), and b) the masculine side of a woman (animus)

Question 11

Older adults tend to become more ______ to the opposite sex as they age, according to CJ

Answer 11

similar

Question 12

• Research shows that, as men age,

Answer 12

, they tend to shift from “active mastery” (risk-takers, achievement-oriented) to more “passive mastery” (more expressive & affiliative) & viceversa for women

Question 13

The “Kansas City Studies of Aging” supports

Answer 13

CJ’s theory on a decrease in gender differences as people age, & shows that older adults usually: a) use more sublimation, b) use less denial, and c) become < impulsive

Question 14

Levinson focused on stages in terms of life structures =

Answer 14

what people’s life is at a particular period of time, connecting each stage to a chronological age
- Levinson identified four 20-25-yearlong “eras” separated by 5 years transitions during which the self is changing more in order to adapt to new demands

Question 15

______ theories of personality focus on ______ characteristics of the personality

Answer 15

Trait, Stable

Question 16

McCrae & Costa have proposed a

Answer 16

5-factor model: a) neuroticism, b) extraversion, c) agreeableness, d) conscientiousness, and e) openness to experience. Each component has 6 subcategories

Question 17

There seems to be a ________ personality

Answer 17

Universal Adolescent

Question 18

Older adults:

Answer 18

a) assimilate new experiences into their self-concept and b) accommodate or adjust their self-concept to the new reality (this is > difficult)

Question 19

Some older adults are

Answer 19

very attached to their old social role, which is related to their self-esteem

Question 20

Self-esteem is based on

Answer 20

an emotional assessment of the self, while self-concept is the cognitive definition of a person’s identity

Question 21

Self-esteem usually

Answer 21

< from age 50 to 80