Chapter 6- Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Describe the DNA molecular structure and its functions
Very long - huge info storage
Complementary base pairs - accurate replication
Sugar phosphate backbone - provides physical and physical protection of bases.
Base order - codes for amino acids
Overall function of DNA?
- Controls protein structure by determining amino acid order in protein synthesis
- storage and accurate inheritance of genetic info.
Compare the structure and function of mRNA AND DNA
-mRNA is single stranded meaning it is small enough to exist the nucleus from the nuclear pore. Whereas DNA is double stranded polynucleotide that forms a double helix.
Function of mRNA
-Carries message of the DNA code from nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Function of tRNA
RNAs are all single stranded polynucleotides
Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosomes, so that the ribosome can bond the amino acids in the order that has been coded for by the mRNA.
Name the two different types of RNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What makes ribosomes?
rRNA + proteins = ribosome
What are the properties of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Immediate energy source
Soluble so can diffuse.
Easily regenerated because only single bond breaks during hydrolysis.
Only a single molecule- not polymer
What does the basic molecule (monomer) of DNA, RNA and ATP consist of?
Monomer = nucleotide
Consists of a phosphate group, a pentode sugar and a nitrogenous base
Name the molecules used in DNA
Pentose sugar = deoxyribose
Nitrogen base= adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
ATCG
Name the molecules in RNA?
Pentose sugar= ribose
Nitrogen base= adenine , uracil, cytosine, guanine
AUCG
abandoned umbrellas can’t gag
What is each individual nucleotide in DNA joined with?
Phosphate bonds (Phosphodiester bonds) which are covalent bonds
Describe the different bonds DNA contains
Covalent bonds (phosphate bonds) between the phosphate and sugars, linking each nucleotide to the next. Hydrogen bonds linking the bases, holding two strands together.
