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Microbiology > Chapter 6 Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Microbial Growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Mesophiles

A

Moderate temperature loving microbes

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1
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Cold loving microbes

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2
Q

Thermophiles

A

Heat loving microbes

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3
Q

Psychotrophs

A

Type of psychrophiles that cause food spoilage at low temperatures

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4
Q

Hypothermophiles

Extreme thermophiles

A

Microbes with an optimum growth temperature of 80 degree Celsius or higher

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5
Q

Acidophiles

A

Microbes that thrive in acidic environments

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6
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Osmostic loss of water from cells cytoplasm ( when a cells concentration of solutes is higher that the water it is in so they pass through plasma membrane)
Growth of cell is limited because plasma membrane pulls away from cell wall

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7
Q

Extreme halophiles

A

Microbes that Require high salt concentrations to live

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8
Q

Obligate halophiles

A

Microbes that require salt for growth

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9
Q

Facultative halophiles

A

Microbes that do not require salt but are able to grow at salt concentrations up to 2%

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10
Q

Chemoheterotrophs

A

Get most of their carbon from energy sources (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids)

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11
Q

Carbon

A

Besides water, most important requirement for microbial growth because it makes up the structural backbone of living matter

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12
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

When important bacteria use gaseous nitrogen directly from the atmosphere as opposed to ammonium ions (NH4+)or nitrates(NO3-)

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13
Q

Singlet oxygen

A

(^1O2-) normal oxygen that has been boosted into a higher energy state and can be extremely reactive

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14
Q

Superoxide radicals or superoxide anions (O2-)

A

Formed in small amounts in organism that use the electron transport chain

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15
Q

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

A

Enzyme produced by obligate anaerobes to neutralize superoxide radicals
Convert superoxide radical into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide

16
Q

Catalase

A

Enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

17
Q

Peroxidase

A

Converts hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen into water

18
Q

Aerotolerant anaerobes

A

Microbes that cannot use oxygen for growth but can tolerate it.

19
Q

Microaerophiles

A

Microbes that require oxygen to grow but only in concentrations lower than that in the air

20
Q

Quorum sensing

A

Cell to cell chemical communication

21
Q

Biofilm

A

Biological system
Attached to a surface
Can contain single species or diverse group
Vary in form
Bacteria can share nutrients and shelter against harmful factors (antibiotics)
Transfer genetic info

22
Q

Planktonic

A

Free swimming bacteria that can start a biofilm

23
Q

Culture medium

A

Nutrient material prepared for the growth of microorganisms in a lab

24
Q

Inoculum

A

Microbes introduced to a culture medium to initiate growth

25
Q

Culture

A

The microbes that grow from an inoculum on a culture medium

26
Q

Chemically defines medium

A

One whose exact chemical composition is known

27
Q

Complex media

A

Made up of nutrients including extracts from yeasts, meat, or plants

28
Q

Reducing media

A

Contain ingredients that chemically combine with dissolved oxygen and deplete oxygen in culture medium to preserve anaerobic bacteria

29
Q

Capnophiles

A

Microbes that grow in a high CO2 concentrations (candle jar)

30
Q

Enrichment medium

A

Contains nutrients and environmental conditions that favor the growth of a particular microbe but not others

Designed to increase very small numbers of desired organism

31
Q

Deep freezing

A

Method for preserving cultures

Culture is suspended in liquid and quick frozen At temperatures from -50 to -95 celcius

32
Q

Lyophilization

A

Method for preserving pure cultures

Microbes are quickly frozen and water is removed by a vacuum

33
Q

Budding

A

Way for microbes to reproduce

Form a small initial growth that enlarges in size until it reaches the size of parent cell then it seperates

34
Q

Lag phase

A

Number of cells changes very little because the cells do nit immediately produce in a new medium

Can last 1 hour to several days

Cells are not dormant

35
Q

Log phase

Exponential growth phase

A

Cells begin to divide and cellular reproduction is most active during this period

36
Q

Stationary phase

A

Growth rate slows and number of microbial deaths balances new cells and population stabalizes

Microbiology (7 decks)

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