Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism

Question 1

collision thoery

Answer 1

how chemical reactions occur and how certain factors affect the rates of those reactions

factors include:
velocities of colliding parts
energy of colliding parts
specific chemical configurations

Question 2

tuurnover number

Answer 2

maximum number of substrate molecules an enzyme molecule converts to product each second

Question 3

apoenzyme

Answer 3

protein portion of an enzyme

Question 4

cofactor

Answer 4

non protein portion of an enzyme

Question 5

coenzyme

Answer 5

if the cofactor is an organic molecule

Question 6

holoenzyme

Answer 6

the apoenzyme and cofactor together

Question 7

NAD NADP

Answer 7

coenzymes that are derivatives of B vitamin niacin
function as electron carriers
NAD anabolic
NADP catabolic

Question 8

FMN FAD

Answer 8

coenzymes that are derivatives of B vitamin riboflavin
function as electron carriers

Question 9

CoA

Answer 9

derivative of B vitamin pantothenic acid

important role in synthesis and breakdown of fats in Krebs cycle

Question 10

competative inhibitors

Answer 10

fill active site of an enzyme and compete with the normal substrate for the active site
its shape and chemical structure are similar to specific substrate

Question 11

noncompetitive inhibiitors

Answer 11

do not compete for active site, interact with another part of the enzyme

Question 12

allosteric inhibition

Answer 12

inhibitor binds to a site on the the enzyme other than active site (called allosteric site)

Question 13

oxidation

Answer 13

loss of electrons from atom or molecule, produces energy

Question 14

reduction

Answer 14

atom or molecule has gained electrons

Question 15

substrate level phoshorylation

Answer 15

ATP is usually generated when a high energy P is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound to ADP

Question 16

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 16

electrons are transferred from organic compounds to one group of electron carriers (NAD FAD) then through a chain of carriers

Question 17

flavoproteins

Answer 17

class of carrier molecules in electron transport chain
contain flavin, a coenzyme of riboflavin
perform oxidations and reductions

Question 18

cytochromes

Answer 18

class of carrier molecules in electron transport chain with a heme group

Question 19

ubiquinones (coenzyme Q0

Answer 19

class of carrier molecules in electron transport chain
small and non protein

Question 20

fermentation

Answer 20

releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules
does not require oxygen
does not require krebs cycle or electron transport
organic molecule is final acceptor
small ATP produced