Chapter 6: Memory

Question 1

The ability to recall information; the retention of acquired information.

Answer 1

Memory.

Question 2

The ability to recall perceived objects within seconds after stimulus has been removed.

Answer 2

Immediate memory (sensory memory).

Question 3

Storage mechanism involves remembering events experienced in the past few days.

Answer 3

Short-term memory (STM).

Question 4

Stores information indefinitely and its capacity is limitless; recalls events in the distant past that have received repeated attention.

Answer 4

Long-term memory (LTM).

Question 5

This refers to the initial recording of sensory information in the memory system.

Answer 5

Sensory memory.

Question 6

Information in the sensory memory is held for how many seconds?

Answer 6

1/2 to 4 seconds (0.5 - 4s).

Question 7

This is a momentary sensory memory of a visual stimuli. Only lasts for few tenths of a second.

Answer 7

Iconic memory.

Question 8

A momentary sensory memory for auditory stimuli. Can last up to 3 or 4 seconds.

Answer 8

Echoic memory.

Question 9

The duration of storage/capacity in short-term memory.

Answer 9

7 ± 2 seconds (5 - 9 seconds).

Question 10

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier.

Answer 10

Recall.

Question 11

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned. Easier than recall.

Answer 11

Recognition.

Question 12

This refers to activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations of memory.

Answer 12

Priming.

Question 13

This refers to when you are able to retrieve information better when you are in the same context you learned it in.

Answer 13

Context Effects Memory Retrieval.

Question 14

The retention of things without conscious recollection; skill memory.

Answer 14

Implicit memory (procedural memory).

Question 15

It is a type of long-term memory that is concerned with recollection of facts and events.

Answer 15

Explicit memory.

Question 16

The three (3) factors that result in forgetting.

Answer 16

1. Encoding failure
2. Storage decay
3. Retrieval failure

Question 17

Information never enters the memory system.

Answer 17

Encoding failure.

Question 18

The idea that we cannot attend to everything in our environment.

Answer 18

Selective attention (attention is selective).

Question 19

Over time, we just forget things.

Answer 19

Storage decay.

Question 20

Failure to retrieve information from long-term memory.

Answer 20

Retrieval failure.

Question 21

The idea that forgetting takes place simply through the passage of time. With the passage of time, the normal metabolic processes in the brain causes decay of the memory.

Answer 21

Decay through disuse.

Question 22

This theory states that if a person does not access and use the memory representation they have formed, the memory trace will fade or decay over time.

Answer 22

Decay theory.

Question 23

In 1914, he came up with the decay theory in his book “The Psychology of Learning.”

Answer 23

Edward Thorndike.

Question 24

The disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new information.

Answer 24

Proactive interference.

Question 25

The disruptive effect of new learning on recall of old information.

Answer 25

Retroactive interference.

Question 26

Refers to the loss of memory.

Answer 26

Amnesia.

Question 27

Amnesiac patients typically have losses in what type of memory?

Answer 27

Explicit memory.

Question 28

It is the memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.

Answer 28

Explicit memory (declarative memory).

Question 29

The form of amnesia wherein you can’t recall memories from your past.

Answer 29

Retrograde amnesia.

Question 30

The form of amnesia wherein you can’t form new memories but can still remember things from before you developed this amnesia.

Answer 30

Anterograde amnesia.

Question 31

The seven (7) sins of memory.

Answer 31

1. Absent-mindedness
2. Transience
3. Blocking
4. Misattribution
5. Suggestibility
6. Bias
7. Persistence

Question 32

A sin of memory involving inattention to details leading to encoding failure.

Answer 32

Absent-mindedness.

Question 33

A sin of memory associated with the fact that unused information fades.

Answer 33

Transience.

Question 34

A sin of memory where you are unable to access stored information.

Answer 34

Blocking.

Question 35

A sin of memory where you are confusing the source of the information.

Answer 35

Misattribution.

Question 36

A sin of memory resulting from the lingering effects of misinformation.

Answer 36

Suggestibility.

Question 37

A sin of memory resulting from beliefs or colored recollections.

Answer 37

Bias.

Question 38

A sin of memory wherein unwanted memories won’t go away.

Answer 38

Persistence.