Chapter 5: Pre-cueing, Change Detection, Inattentional Blindness and Deafness, Distractions, Attentional Networks of the Brain, & Mind Wandering Flashcards
(23 cards)
This refers to a procedure in which a cue stimulus is presented to direct an observer’s attention to a specific location where a test stimulus is likely to be presented.
Pre-cueing.
This means that you are being informed about an upcoming event.
Cueing.
This is defined as the ability to detect change in the world around us.
Change detection.
A phenomenon wherein we are “blind”, or in other words, we fail to detect the changes that occurred despite the changes being big and right in front of us.
Change blindness.
Seven (7) causes of change blindness.
- Limited attention
- Visual masking
- Top-down processing
- Expectation and perception
- Saccadic eye movement
- Inattentional blindness
- Visual short-term memory limitations
We can’t focus on everything at once.
Limited attention.
New stimuli can hide changes in the original scene.
Visual masking.
Our perception is influenced by expectations and beliefs.
Top-down processing.
We may not notice things that don’t match our expectations.
Expectation and perception.
Rapid eye movements can cause changes to go unnoticed.
Saccadic eye movement.
We miss changes when our attention is focused elsewhere.
Inattentional blindness.
Changes may not be noticed if the original stimulus is not available for comparison.
Visual short-term memory limitations.
This involves failing to perceive something because your attention is focused on something else.
Inattentional blindness.
This is the failure to hear otherwise audible sounds that may occur under high workload conditions.
Inattentional deafness.
These take attention away from what a person needs to do when performing a task.
Distractions.
A form of distraction that includes visual triggers, social interactions, music, text messages, and phone calls.
External distractions.
A form of distraction that includes hunger, fatigue, illness, worrying, and daydreaming.
Internal distractions.
According to Posner and Peterson’s Neurocognitive model, attention involves three (3) neural networks.
- Subcortical System (Alerting)
- Posterior System (Orienting)
- Anterior System (Executive Control)
This neural network aims to achieve and maintain a state of high sensitivity to incoming stimuli. Involved brain regions are the frontal and parietal lobe, including the anterior cingulate cortex.
Subcortical system (alerting).
This neural network aims to focus on and select specific information from sensory input. Involved brain regions are the superior parietal lobule, temporoparietal junction, and the frontal eye fields.
Posterior system (orienting).
This neural network aims to solve conflictual information and involves mechanisms for monitoring and resolving conflict among thoughts, feelings, and responses. Involved brain regions are the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobule.
Anterior system (executive control).
This is defined as the occurrence of thoughts that are not tied in to the immediate environment, thoughts that are not related to a given task at hand.
Mind wandering.
This neural network governs internal cognitive processes rather than processing external stimuli. Involved brain regions are the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and the medial temporal lobe.
Default Mode Network (DMN).
