Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Flashcards
This is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals.
Mind.
This creates and controls mental functions such as perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and reasoning.
Mind.
This is the study of how people perceive, learn, remember, and think about information.
Cognitive psychology.
This is the study of mental processes, which includes determining the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates.
Cognitive psychology.
In the 1950s, this movement took place as a response to behaviorism.
Cognitive revolution.
This is the belief that much of human behavior can be understood in terms of how people think. It rejects the notion that psychologists should avoid studying mental processes because they are unobservable.
Cognitivism.
He considered the brain to be an active, dynamic organizer of behavior. He sought to understand how the macro-organization of the human brain made possible such complex, planned activities as musical performance, game playing, and using language.
Karl Spencer Lashley.
He did one of the first experiments that today would be called a cognitive psychology experiment. He was interested in determining how long it takes for a person to make a decision and he determined this by measuring reaction time.
Franciscus Donders.
In 1879, he founded the first laboratory of scientific psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany.
Wilhelm Wundt.
The idea that our overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience known as “sensations.”
Structuralism.
A technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli.
Analytic introspection.
A German psychologist who used a quantitative method for measuring memory.
Hermann Ebbinghaus.
He conducted the “Little Albert” experiment.
John Watson.
He came up with the concept of “classical conditioning.”
Ivan Pavlov.
He came up with the concept of “operant conditioning.”
B.F. Skinner.
He experimented with rats for a cognitive map.
Edward Chace Tolman.
The study of the behavior of people with brain damage.
Neuropsychology.
This refers to measuring electrical responses of the nervous system and made it possible to listen to the activity of single neurons.
Electrophysiology.
This is the capacity to learn from experience, using metacognitive processes to enhance learning, and the ability to adapt to the surrounding environment.
Intelligence.
Intelligence involves two (2) things.
- The capacity to learn from experience
- The ability to adapt to the surrounding environment.
This stratum of intelligence includes many narrow, specific abilities such as spelling ability and speed of reasoning.
Stratum I.
This stratum of intelligence include various broad abilities such as fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, short-term memory, long-term storage and retrieval, and information processing speed.
Stratum II.
This stratum of intelligence is just a single general intelligence.
Stratum III (sometimes called “g”).
He proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, in which intelligence comprises multiple independent constructs, not just a single, unitary construct.
Howard Gardner.
