chapter 6- making ATP Flashcards
splitting glucose into 2 pyruvates
occurs in cytoplasm
glycolysis
in glyclolysis, what goes glucose become
pyruvate
in glyclolysis what do the 2 adp and 2 phosphates become
2 ATP
in glyclolysis what does NAD become
NAHD
takes place in matrix of mitochondria
citric acid cycle and _________ complete the breakdown (oxidation) of glucose to carbon dioxide
pyruvate oxidation
in pyruvate oxidation input of acetyl CoA results in output of
CO2
in pyruvate oxidation input of 2 ADP and 2P outputs
2 ATP
in pyruvate oxidation input it NAD outputs
NADH (electrons)
in pyruvate oxidation FAD outputs
FADH (electrons)
electron transport and chemiosmosis
NADH and FADH2 shuttle electrons to ETC
most ATP is generated here through redox reactions in ETC
high energy electrons are transported and their energy is used to pump H+ to build a concentration gradient. this potential energy is used to make ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
transfer of phosphate from substrate to ADP makes ATP
breakdown of glucose to pyruvate releases energy stired in ATP and NADH
substrate level phosphorylation
in citric acid cycle 2 ATP produced most most energy is stored in NADH and FADH2 which shuttlenhigh energy electrons to ETC
concentration gradient drives H+ down through ATP synthase which phosphorylates ADP to Atp
chemiosmosis
what effect would absense of oxygen have on process of oxidative phosphorylation
oxygen is the final electron acceptor and it is what pulls electrons down ETC and the energy would not be able to be harnessed from NADH and FADH2 for ATP synthesis
what happens is O2 is missing after glycolysis and before pyruvate oxidation
anaerobic respiration
where does cellular respiration occur
in all multicellular organisms including animals and plants
glycolysis followed by reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid and regeneration NAD+ whej there is no O2
lactic acid fermentation by animals and bacteria
glycolysis followed by pyruvate changed to ethanol and regenerating NAD and CO2
alcohol fermentation used by yeast
how efficient is fermentation
2% efficient 2 ATP
how efficient is aerobic respiration
34% efficient and 32 ATP
