chapter 5 continued- metabolism: energy and enzymes

Question 1

-obtain energy/ nutrients, use it, and make waste products

-sum of all chemical reactions in cells

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

-causes change, perform work

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

energy of motion; moving objects perform work my transfer motion to other matter

Answer 3

kinetic energy

Question 4

examples of kinetic energy

Answer 4

diffusion, heat, light

Question 5

stored energy due to location or structure

-molecules posses because of arrangement of electrons in the bonds between their atoms

Answer 5

potential energy

Question 6

examples of potential energy

Answer 6

carbs, fats, proteins, water behind dam, top of hill

Question 7

-energy can’t be created or destroyed (constant)

-energy is transformed

Answer 7

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 8

-energy conversions increase disorder(entropy) in universe because they are not 100% efficient

-heat, wastes

Answer 8

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 9

more energy in reactants and releases lower energy products

Answer 9

exergonic reaction

Question 10

less energy in reactions and must absorb energy during reaction to have higher energy products

Answer 10

endergonic reaction

Question 11

use of energy in _____________ reactions to drive ____________ reactions using energy stored in ATP

Answer 11

exergonic… endergonic

Question 12

break down complex molecules (carbs, proteins, fats) to simpler ones and releases energy= exergonic reaction

Answer 12

catabolism

Question 13

to build complex molecules from smaller ones, and requires energy = endergonic reaction

Answer 13

anabolism

Question 14

energy molecule

fuels all cellular work

Answer 14

ATP (adenine triphosphosphate)

Question 15

what does ATP consist of

Answer 15

• nitrogenous base (adenine)
  -5 carbon sugar (ribose)
  -3 phosphate groups

Question 16

chemical work

Answer 16

endergonic reactions

Question 17

mechanical work

Answer 17

movement: muscles, flagella

Question 18

transport work

Answer 18

active transport

Question 19

enzymes…

Answer 19

-are proteins
-made of amino acids
-shape/structure important function
- speed up chemical reactions
-can be denatured

Question 20

amount of energy reactants must absorb for reaction to occur (get over energy barrier)

Answer 20

energy of activation

Question 21

bind only to their substrate at their _________ _______ of enzyme

Answer 21

active site

Question 22

energy/ substrate is ________ fit

Answer 22

induced

Question 23

enzymes are _________ named after their __________

Answer 23

specific… substrates

Question 24

1) empty active site
2) substrate enters and attatches by weak bonds and enzyme slightly changes shape to induced fit
3) strained bond reacts with water and substrate is converted
4) enzyme releases products and unchanged

Answer 24

how enzymes function

Question 25

inorganic material like zinc and copper that sit in active site and help substrate attach

Answer 25

cofactor

Question 26

series of chemical reactions leading to final products

Answer 26

metabolic pathway

Question 27

feedback inhibiton

Answer 27

if too much of a product is produced, it may act as an inhibitor to one of the enzymes in metabolic pathway to regulate metabolism

prevents cell from wasting resources