chapter 3- organic chemistry

Question 1

organic compounds contain

Answer 1

carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

carbon needs ___ electrons to fill outermost shell

Answer 2

4

Question 3

what determines a molecules function?

Answer 3

an atoms shape, size, and atoms attached to it

Question 4

-organic molecules containing only carbon hydrogen

-provide energy

Answer 4

hydrocarbons

Question 5

-organic molecules with same type and number of atoms, but different arrangements
-results in unique properties

Answer 5

isomers

Question 6

-small group of atoms attatched to carbon chains in an organic molecule

-gives unique properties and functions by participating in chemical reactions

-polar, which makes compounds containing them hydrophilic and water soluble

Answer 6

functional groups

Question 7

giant molecule formed by joining of small molecules into chains called polymers, by dehydration

-linked by covalent bonds

-long molecules consisting of repeating building blocks= monomers

Answer 7

macromolecule

Question 8

4 classes of macromolecules

Answer 8

1) carbohydrates
2) lipids
3) proteins
4) nucleic acid

Question 9

how to build/ snythesize a polymer

Answer 9

remove water -dehydration reaction

Question 10

to breakdown/ digest a polymer

Answer 10

add water - hydrolysis/ hydration

Question 11

monomer of carbohydrate

Answer 11

monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Question 12

what is a polysaccharide

Answer 12

many monomers attached

Question 13

what is the most important monosaccharide in cells?

Answer 13

glucose (fuel molecule)

Question 14

a carbohydrate polymer of many monosaccharides (sugars) linked by dehydration

Answer 14

polysaccharide

Question 15

polysaccharide examples

Answer 15

-starch
-glycogen
-cellulose
-chitin

Question 16

energy storage molecule in plants

Answer 16

starch

Question 17

energy storage molecule in animals

Answer 17

glycogen

Question 18

cell wall support in plant cell

Answer 18

cellulose

Question 19

support structure of the exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi

Answer 19

chitin

Question 20

mixed group of organic molecules (not true polymers)

all non polar (hydrophobic)

Answer 20

lipids

Question 21

Examples of lipids

Answer 21

Fat
Phospholipids
Waxes
Steriods

Question 22

Fat

Answer 22

Long term energy storage molecule (triglyceride)

1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids (chains)

Question 23

Phospholipid

Answer 23

Main component of cell membrane

1 glycerol and 2 fatty acids

Question 24

Head of phospholipid is __________ and ___________

Answer 24

Charged and hydrophilic

Question 25

Tails of phospholipid are _________ and ___________

Answer 25

Nonpolar and hydrophobic

Question 26

Waxes…

Answer 26

Repel water

Question 27

Steriods…

Answer 27

Type of lipid whose carbon skeleton contains 4 fused rings with various chemical groups attached E.x. Cholesterol, sex hormones

Question 28

Saturated fat

Answer 28

-Full of hydrogens - single bonds - straight chains - solid a at room temp

Question 29

Unsaturated fat

Answer 29

-missing hydrogens -double bond forms -bent chains - liquid at room temperature

Question 30

This macromolecule has a wide variety of structures and functions

Answer 30

Proteins

Question 31

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 31

Amino acid

Question 32

How are amino acids distinguished from one another?

Answer 32

By chemical properties of R-groups

Question 33

Covalent bond between 2 amino acids in a polypeptide

Answer 33

Peptide bond

Question 34

What is a polypeptide

Answer 34

A chain of amino acids

Question 35

This protein function speeds up chemical reactions in cells

Answer 35

Enzymes

Question 36

Proteins are made from ______ _______ linked by _________ _______

Answer 36

Amino acids… peptide bonds

Question 37

This function of protein includes antibodies

Answer 37

Defense

Question 38

This function of protein helps move substances in or out of cells

Answer 38

Transport

Question 39

This Funtion of protein includes hair, nails, webs, collagen

Answer 39

Structural

Question 40

Functions of protein depend on

Answer 40

Structure/ shape

Question 41

What is denaturation

Answer 41

Process where a protein unravels, losing its specific shape and function

Question 42

Sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain is the ________ structure

Answer 42

Primary

Question 43

The regular patterns of coils and folds of a polypeptide chain is ________ structure

Answer 43

Secondary

Question 44

The overall 3 dimensional shape of a protein is the _________ structure

Answer 44

Tertiary

Question 45

Proteins with 2 or more polypeptides have ___________ structure

Answer 45

Quaternary

Question 46

What is the monomer of nucleic acid

Answer 46

Nucleotide

Question 47

3 components of a nucleotide are

Answer 47

Phosphate 5 carbon sugar Nitrogenous base

Question 48

Genetic material; Codes for traits (proteins)

Answer 48

DNA

Question 49

Carrie’s transcript of gene; helps make proteins (Assembling polypeptides according to instructions)

Answer 49

RNA

Question 50

Deoxyribose is attached to ________ group and __________ base

Answer 50

Phosphate… base