Chapter 6: Long-Term Memory (Structure) Flashcards
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
a memory mechanism that can hold large amounts of information for long periods of time
long-term memory is one of the stages in the modal model of memory
Serial Position Curve
in a memory experiment in which participants are asked to recall a list of words, a plot of the percentage of participants remembering each word against the position of that word in the list
Primacy Effect
in a memory experiment in which a list of words is presented
enhanced memory for words presented at the beginning of the list
Recency Effect
in a memory experiment in which a list of words is presented
enhanced memory for words presented t the end of the list
Coding
the form in which stimuli are presented in the mind
for example, information can be represented in visual, semantic, and phonological forms
Proactive Interference
when information learned previously interferes with learning new information
Release from Proactive Interference
a situation in which conditions occur that eliminate or reduce the decrease in performance caused by proactive interference
Recognition Memory
identifying a stimulus that was encountered earlier
stimuli are presented during a study period; later, the same stimuli plus other, new stimuli are presented
the participants’ task is to pick the stimuli that were originally presented
Hippocampus
a subcortical structure that is important for forming long-term memories, and that also plays a role in remote episodic memories and in short-term storage of novel information
Mental Time Travel
according to Tulving, the defining property of the experience of episodic memory, in which a person travels back in time in his or her mind to re-experience events that happened in the past
Autobiographical Memory
memory for specific events from a person’s life, which can include both episodic events and semantic components
Personal Semantic Memories
semantic components of autobiographical memories
Remember/Know Procedure
a procedure in which subjects are presented with a stimulus has encountered before and are asked to indicate if they remembered
if they remember the circumstances under which they initially encountered it, or know, if the stimulus seems familiar but they don’t remember experiencing it earlier
Semanticization of Remote Memories
loss of episodic details for memories of long-ago events
Constructive Episodic Stimulation Hypothesis
the hypothesis proposed by Schacter and Addis that episodic memories are extracted and recombined to construct stimulation of future events
Explicit Memories
memory that involves conscious recollections of events or facts that we have learned in the past
Implicit Memories
memory that occurs when an experience affects a person’s behavior, even though the person is not aware that he or she has had the experiences
Procedural Memories
memory of how to carry out highly practiced skills
procedural memory is a type of implicit memory because although people can carry out a skilled behavior, they often cannot explain exactly how they are able to do so
Skill Memory
memory for doing things that usually involve learned sjkulls
Expert-Induced Amnesia
amnesia that occurs because well-learned procedural memories do not require attention
