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S 111 > Chapter 6- Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 6- Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the economy?

A

Social arrangements that organize the production, distribution, and consumption of goods

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2
Q

What has a tremendous influence on both society as a whole and personal relationships?

A

How a group chooses to exploit their environment

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3
Q

How does economy have an impact on society and relationships?

A
  • Providing water, two homes, two sets of everyone

- Today we are having more and more people who live alone

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4
Q

What do we build economies around?

A

Our basic needs

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5
Q

What do economies refer to?

A

The ways things are managed

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6
Q

What are goods?

A

things we do not need

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7
Q

What are commodities?

A

goods produced for sale on the market place

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8
Q

What happens when there is not enough stuff for people to do?

A
  • higher crime rates
  • suicide
  • etc.
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9
Q

What is one of the earliest social structures? What did it develop? Why?

A
  • Economies
  • Developed language, writing
  • To look after and record economy
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10
Q

Economies__and__

A

grow and change

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11
Q

What is horticulturalism?

A

domestication of various species of animals and plants

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12
Q

What did Lenski classify?

A

simple and complex horticultural societies

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13
Q

When did growing crops begin?

A

Horticulturalism

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14
Q

What was hunting and gathering?

A

lightly exploit food resources for immediate consumption

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15
Q

Why was there little or not social inequality in hunting and gathering societies?

A

Because people moved around and didn’t have a lot of stuff, also there was limited specialization

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16
Q

What was pastoralism?

A

people make their living by tending herds of large animals

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17
Q

Why was there specialization in pastoralism and horticulturalism?

A

society will develop the type of worker and knowledge it needs to survive

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18
Q

Why was there social inequality in pastoralisM?

A

Society’s change with what they see as valuable…own more than their neighbour

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19
Q

What were agricultural societies?

A

use of animals to pull plow

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20
Q

What did the agricultural revolution lead to? Why?

A

Led to dramatic increase in population

-develop more food, caloric wealth

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21
Q

What was the biggest change our society underwent?

A

agricultural revolution

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22
Q

What was used as a means of trade in agricultural societies?

A

money

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23
Q

What was industrialization?

A

Use of non-animate sources of energy to produce goods.

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24
Q

What were the 5 major changes that came alone with industrialization?

A

1) harness ing of new sources of power
2) centralization of work: labourers, left to go to work rather than going outside
3) mass production: motivation for exploration, need for raw materials
4) specialization
5) wage labour: emergence of capitalism, unsafe labour

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25
Q

What was post-industrialization?

A

reorganization of society resulting from the growth of information technology, global consumerism, integrated financial markets, and cultural pluralism

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26
Q

When was the growth of information technology?

A

1960s

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27
Q

What is cultural pluralism in Canada?

A

Quebec –> desperate to hold onto their cultural uniqueness

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28
Q

What does part-time work result in?

A

lower wages, fewer benefits

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29
Q

How many occupation specialities are there in Canada?

A

more than 30 000

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30
Q

What are the three sectors of the economy?

A

Primary, secondary, and tertiary

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31
Q

What is the primary sector? How much of the Canadian work force?

A
  • exploiting raw materials from natural environment (logging, farming, mining, fishing, etc.)
  • less than 2% are farmers
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32
Q

What is the secondary sector? How much of the Canadian work force?

A
  • Transform raw materials into consumer goods (cars, furniture, etc.)
  • 10% of labour force
  • continue to decline as we become technologically and intellectually based
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33
Q

What is the tertiary securer? What percent of the Canadian labour force does it take up?

A
  • provide services (waiters, salespeople, police officers, etc.)
  • 75% of all jobs
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34
Q

What is the primary labour market?

A
  • often requires post-secondary training or education

- stable and comfortable salary, fringe benefits

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35
Q

What is a profession?

A

Prestigious occupations that require a specialized body of knowledge

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36
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of a profession?

A

1) common body of specialized knowledge
2) set of regulated performance standards
3) representative professional organization
4) external perception in the public as a profession
5) code of ethics
6) formal program of training and ongoing professional developments

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37
Q

What is the secondary labour market?

A

insecure and temporary, offer minimal pay, few occupations advance

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38
Q

Why are jobs in the secondary labour market referred to as McJobs?

A
  • Make all these jobs the same, predictable outcome
  • like McDonalds
  • workers become part of the machinery
  • like the person behind the counter is a machine
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39
Q

The secondary labour market ___, ___, and ___ workers.

A
  • devalue
  • demean
  • oppress
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40
Q

What are labour unions?

A

represent workers to improve wages and working conditions

-collective bargaining, strikes

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41
Q

how many Canadian workers belonged to a union in 2011? 1981?

A
  • 30%

- 38%

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42
Q

What is the decline in union membership due to?

A
  • sharper decline among younger workers

- lower unionization rates in the private sector

43
Q

How many Canadian workers are self-employed?

A

16%

44
Q

What is the benefit of self-employment?

A

autonomous

45
Q

What has the Canadian workforce seen an increase in?

A

self-employment

46
Q

Which group of workers had the greatest employment? What is the increase every year since 1990?

A
  • university educated workers

- 4% increase every year

47
Q

What do functionalists believe about work?

A
  • Integral part of the social structure
  • people need to connect to work
  • we want a meaningful job–the jobs we have fulfill the functions of society
48
Q

What are Durkheim’s occupation groups supposed to do?

A

promote the integration of workers

49
Q

What do conflict theorists believe about work?

A

alienation workers

  • disconnect between what workers do and create and what is given back to them
  • de-skilling of workers is the trend
  • exploitation of workers
  • workers achieve meaningful lives relative to employment
50
Q

What do symbolic interactionists believe about work?

A
  • Social drama of work (how people act at work)
  • work defines sense of self-worth and acceptance
  • Why we are at university–we don’t want a job that is viewed as “not worthy”
  • how we create meaning our of our work
51
Q

What do feminist theorists believe about work?

A
  • separate lives for working women, women’s unpaid work

- we need a broader definition of labour

52
Q

Why do feminists believe that women are oppressed in the labour force/

A
  • patriarchal society

- the glass ceiling–there is a maximum success that women can reach

53
Q

Why is there a difference between women’s unpaid work and men’s unpaid work?

A
  • men come home and only mow the lawn

- women come home and cook, clean, take care of kids, do laundry, etc. Doing many things at once

54
Q

How do post-structuralists view work?

A
  • How power is exerted through discourse
  • Bad employee vs. good employee
  • It’s about labelling
  • Dissects organizations and its workers and what is labelled
55
Q

What doe post-structuralism challenge?

A

How societies shape themselves by the dominant discourse

-How do we talk about work?

56
Q

What are some questions that post-structuralists would ask?

A
  • How do you respond to those that have power over you?
  • How might people modify their behaviour?
  • How is knowledge produced relative to power?
57
Q

What is Capitalism grounded in?

A

Private ownership of the means of production

58
Q

What are the three defining features of capitalism?

A

1) private ownership
2) *ability to pursue personal gain and profit
3) competition among businesses

59
Q

What do capitalists believe?

A

hard work will pay off

60
Q

What is state/welfare capitalism?

A

political and economic system combining free-market principles with social welfare programs

61
Q

Who doe state/welfare capitalists compensate?

A

those who aren’t successful or fall through the cracks

62
Q

Why is there involvement in the economy is state/welfare capitalism?

A

inorder to assure that all citizens have access to health care, education, etc.

63
Q

What is the problem with state/welfare capitalism?

A

difficult to compete with countries who are able to exploit resources

64
Q

Describe state/welfare capitalism from a post-structuralist POV about SK.

A
  • If Saskatchewan becomes a ‘have-not- province
  • immigration will stop
  • effects us immediately
  • as change and wages tighten up, you may not have the same benefits
65
Q

What is socialism?

A

raw materials and the means of production are collectively owned

66
Q

What are the 3 defining features of socialism?

A

1) collective ownership
2) centralized state-administered planning agency
3) production and distribution of goods without profit motive

67
Q

What does socialism attempt to address?

A

the needs of the majority

68
Q

What is the ideological problem with socialism?

A
  • in order to redistribute, there has to be money coming in

- you cannot generate the funds we need without business

69
Q

What is politics?

A

endeavour to gain and maintain control of the state apparatus

70
Q

What is the state?

A

institutions that maintain a monopoly over the legitimate use of force in a given territory

71
Q

What is a nation’s society defined by?

A

how its leaders seek to shape its economy

72
Q

What is the political economy?

A

interactions of politics, government and governing, and the social and cultural constitution of markets, institutions, and actors

73
Q

What did Wallace Clement believe about Canadian sociology?

A
  • interest in political economy

- influence politics has on society and economy

74
Q

What is Harold Innes’ the staples thesis?

A

Canadian development based on exploitation of raw materials for export

75
Q

How does the staple thesis apply to Saskatchewan today?

A

In Saskatchewan, we need to balance out our economy so we don’t fall when things tank. We can’t just be based on exploiting raw materials

76
Q

Who discussed power, domination, and authority?

A

Weber

77
Q

What is power acc. to Weber?

A

The ability to achieve one’s desires in the face of resistance

78
Q

What is domination acc. to Weber?

A

situation in which an entire group of people could be directed to comply with commands
-hierarchical power

79
Q

What is authority acc. to Weber?

A

Describes the situation in which subordinates consider the domination by leaders to be legitimate
-have others believe what you say

80
Q

What are the three types of authority?

A

1) traditional authority
2) rational-legal authority
3) charismatic authority

81
Q

What is traditional authority?

A

is present when power is legitimated by respecting long-established cultural patterns and traditions
-hierarchical, monarchs

82
Q

What is rational-legal authority?

A

is present when power is legitimated through laws, rules, and regulations

  • achieved, trained, credentials
  • vested in the office or position
  • those who fill position come and go, but the position stays the same
83
Q

What is charismatic authority?

A

Based on the personal magnetism of individuals who compel people to believe in them and grant them their support

  • compels people
  • revolves around the charisma of the person
84
Q

What are some examples of people who have charismatic authority?

A

donald trump, ghandi, hitler, stalin, martin luther king, joan of arc, princess diana, mother theresa

85
Q

What is a bureaucracy?

A

A rational organization designed to complete many routine tasks as efficiently as possible

86
Q

What are Max Weber’s 5 defining characteristic of bureaucracies?

A

1) an extensive division of labour
2) written policies and procedures for workers and customers/ clients (rules)
3) ongoing written records (attempt to control behaviour)
4) a hierarchy of authority (know who the bosses and minions are)
5) performance-based hiring and promotion (you need the credentials0

87
Q

What is a corporation?

A

Legal entity that has rights and liabilities that go beyond those of its individual members
-legally separate

88
Q

Do corporations have to pay taxes?

A

yes, but at a lower rate

89
Q

What do those who belong to corporations have flexibility in?

A

flexibility to sell interests

90
Q

What is the problem with corporations?

A

richest Canadians control the larger corporations, possess disproportionate share of the country’s wealth

91
Q

What are monarchies?

A

power and legitimacy resides in a single person or single family, passed down generationally

92
Q

What is an absolute monarchy?

A

Monarchs are defined through family membership or divine connection

93
Q

What is a constitutional monarchy?

A

Symbolic in that true leadership is held by elected body

94
Q

What are authoritarian regimes?

A

controlled by rulers who do not allow citizens to participate

95
Q

What is a dictatorship?

A

Leader relies on personal loyalties and threats of force

96
Q

What is totalitarianism?

A

No limits on leaders use of force, state apparatus attempts to regulate virtually every area of people’s lives
-more prone to violence and harsh living conditions

97
Q

What is a democracy?

A

Political system in which individual adult citizens select their representative leaders through an electoral process

98
Q

What are the two types of democracy?

A

Participatory democracy

Representative democracy

99
Q

What is a participatory democracy?

A

citizens involved personally in decision making

  • town hall
  • no longer exists on large scale
100
Q

What is representative democracy?

A

Citizens elect representatives to act on their behalf

-accountable to citizens who elected them

101
Q

What is the political system in Canada?

A
  • Parliamentary democracy

- Governance of the country is shared between federal and provincial or territorial governments

102
Q

What are the 3 parts to the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples?

A

1) Aboriginal people have the inherent right to govern themselves
2) Right to self-government should be preserved in Canada’s Constitution
3) Agreements negotiated between Aboriginals and federal and provincial governments

103
Q

What is the problem with giving Aboriginal people sovereignty?

A

If Canada allows this, Quebec will want it too along with other minority groups who are new to the county.

104
Q

What is an improvement hat cam with the 1996 Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples?

A

Establishment of Nunavut in 1999

S 111 (17 decks)

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