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S 111 > Chapter 1- Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is sociology?

A

the systematic study of human groups and their interactions

ex. the tradition of marriage.

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2
Q

What is the sociological perspective?

A

Refers to the unique way in which sociologists see our world and can dissect the dynamic relationships between individuals and the larger social network in which we all live.

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3
Q

Sociologists study the___of humanity and the___in between.

A
  • concentration

- spaces

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4
Q

Who came up with the concept of the sociological imagination, personal troubles, and social issues and quality of mind?

A

Charles Wright Mills

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5
Q

What is the sociological imagination?

A

developing an appreciation of how individual challenges are influenced by larger social forces.

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6
Q

What are personal troubles and social issues? What is the trick to understanding them?

A

personal troubles- result from individual challenges
social issues- are caused by larger social factors
The trick is in understanding how personal troubles may be due to larger social issues

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7
Q

What is quality of mind?

A

refers to one’s ability to look beyond personal circumstances and into social context.

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8
Q

What are the three components of the sociological imagination?

A

1) biography- the nature of “human nature” in a society; what kind of people are in a particular society, and individual’s personal story.
2) history- how a society came to be and how it is changing and how history is being made in it, the historical background that affects who you are how you grow up.
3) social structure- how the various institutional orders in a society operate, which ones are dominant, how they are held together, how they might be changing.

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9
Q

What does a sociological imagination bring awareness of? What can using it lead us to?

A

A sociological imagination brings about awareness of all people in all ranks of society and with all sorts of problems and that using a sociological imagination can lead to social change.

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10
Q

What is social structure?

A

the system of socioeconomic stratification (ex. the class structure –> professor standing in front teaching, students sitting learning), social institutions, or other patterned relations between large social groups. It is the structure social network ties between individuals or organizations.

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11
Q

What are some examples of how social structure works? (people analogy example).

A

A person has the appearance of being a human. Inside there are bones that are not visible but that hold the human together. Without bones, the human would fall apart.
Social structure is the thing we can see, but always assume that it is there. A lot of the physical structure is invisible. Though we cannot see it, we need it in order for society to function normally.

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12
Q

What is agency?

A

refers to the idea that teach of us has, to some extent, the ability to alter our socially constructed lives.

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13
Q

What is structure?

A

is the network of relatively stable opportunities and constraints influencing our individual behaviours (what holds you back demographics, ability to get a student loan, the fact that the have to pay tuition could be a constraint).

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14
Q

What 5 factors influence our perception of ourselves and others?

A

1) minority status- female, of colour, homosexual. What challenges would you face?
2) fender- affected by the social constructed expectations of mean and women
3) socioeconomic status- wealth, class, gender. I tis hard to break out of your social class.
4) family structure- the type of family you are born into predicts your future life
5) urban-rural differences (geographical differences) prominent families in small communities were eat prominent kids in school. Where you come from plays a significant affect on you ability to adjust to change sand shifts.

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15
Q

What is ascribed status?

A

can’t change what you were born into (for the most part), doesn’t mean that it doesn’t happen

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16
Q

What is achieved status?

A

trying to change your live. achieve something

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17
Q

When was the scientific revolution? Who was the prominent sociologist?

A 
1650-1800
August comte (father of sociology)
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18
Q

What did August Comte believe?

A

hard science should be applied to the social world

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19
Q

What is Comte’s law of 3 stages?

A

Theological- religious outlook, the world is an expression of God
Metaphysical- a period of questioning and challenging
Positive- rules of observation, experimentation, and logic

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20
Q

Why is there not much credibility in the law of 3 stages?

A

There is way more to it than 3 stages. The world cannot just stop, not just cap off, at the third stage.

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21
Q

What is Quantitative sociology?

A
  • tends to be positivist in nature
  • measurable behaviour
  • Ex. crime rates over time
  • count, statistics, surveys
22
Q

What is qualitative sociology?

A
  • anti-positivist in nature
  • non-measurable subjective behaviours
  • Ex. experiences of living in poverty
  • subjective reality of human life, know experiences, how people live, the effect of life on them
23
Q

True or false:

Qualitative sociologist often investigate the relationship between variables?

A

false

24
Q

Who were the major sociologists of the political revolution?

A

Machiavelli, Descartes, Locke, Rousseau

25
Q

When was the political revolution?

A

renaissance to the enlightenment

26
Q

What did Machiavelli believe?

A

-human behaviour motivated by self-interest
-had to do with social and scientific change
-power was linked to selfishness, not some divine purpose
(radical change from church holding all the power)

27
Q

What did Descartes believe?

A

-“I think, therefore I am”, we are all masters of our own destiny.
-we are not just a peasant working for a lord
-right and capacity to think
-hallmark of democracy
being able to make up our own minds –> agency

28
Q

What did Locke believe?

A

-knowledge is the result of experience
-we are born a blank slate
-learn from each other and society as a whole
-it takes a village to raise a child
(the church was threatened by these ideas because they began to lose power)

29
Q

What did Rousseau believe?

A
  • we achieve more working together than we can apart
  • notion of the social contract- we give up things so that others can do something for us
  • Promotion of individual rights and social responsibility, equality of opportunity, and the political ideology of democracy
  • notion that we do more when working together, the democratic principle
30
Q

When was the industrial revolution?

A

around 1750

31
Q

What is the industrial revolution associated with?

A
  • technological advancement
  • profound social changes
  • moved from an agricultural society based on local food production for local consumption to regional and nation distribution networks
32
Q

What problems resulted from the industrial revolution?

A

new social problems

33
Q

What did the industrial revolution change in regards to how we view our world and work?

A
  • we perceive our world through science

- specialized workers

34
Q

What is macrosociology?

A

refers to attempting to understand society as a whole

35
Q

Who are the macrosociologists?

A

marx, durkheim, weber

36
Q

What did Marx believe about people?

A

that they were naturally competitive

  • limited wants and capacity to achieve those wants
  • how power moves through relationships
37
Q

Power is an___part of sociology, the power___, who has___and___.

A
  • ensuring
  • imbalance
  • power
  • why
38
Q

What did durkheim believe about people and society?

A
  • believed people want to work together for benefit.
  • urban society and industrial society led to roubles
  • as a society falls apart, there is a rise f new social ills and troubles
  • worried about the decline of the moral order –> loss offer in religion
  • he was an advocate for education
39
Q

What id weber believe about people?

A
  • suggested that people were obsessed with the search for new efficiency (rationalization)
  • results in loss of jobs, etc
  • rationalization can make people more productive but also dehumanized
  • Ex. more students, one instructor, less work, poorer education
40
Q

What is microsociology?

A

refers to attempting to understand individual or small group dynamics

41
Q

Who were the microsociologist?

A

mead, cooley, and blumer

42
Q

What are the four features which define Canadian Sociology?

A

1) Geography and regionalism
2) political economy
3) Canadianization movement
4) radical nature

43
Q

What is geography and regionalism?

A
  • ability to survive overtime

- role of regionalism

44
Q

Who are the two sociologists who had a say about political economy?

A

Clement and Harold innis

45
Q

What was clement interested in?

A

interest in the interactions of politics, government, and the social and cultural constitution of markets, institutions, and actors.

46
Q

What is Harold Innis’ staple these?

A

Idea tha tCanada was built on the exploitation of materials

47
Q

What is the Canadianization movement?

A
  • influenced by American sociology

- Domination by symbolic interactionist

48
Q

What is radical nature?

A

greater focus on macrosociology as well as feminist ideas

  • gender sociology
    • led to a politics of knowledge
49
Q

What is sociology in a global perspective?

A

looking beyond our own boundaries to consider the dynamic forces of globalization.

50
Q

What is globalization?

A

a worldwide process involving the production, distribution, and consumption of goods an services.

  • capitalism as a defining feature of the global economy
  • connecting local realities to global collective consciousness
51
Q

How does globalization affect you?

A
  • eating at international restaurants

- variety of food in the grocery store

S 111 (17 decks)

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