Chapter 6 - learning and memory Flashcards

1
Q

linking two events that occur close together

A

associative learning

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2
Q

types of learning:

A

classical, operational, observational

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3
Q

theorist associated with classical conditioning?

A

pavlov

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4
Q

classical conditioning: dogs would begin to _____ at sound of ____

A

salivate at sound of bell

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5
Q

Classical conditioning: unconditioned stimulus

A

-automatically triggers response (meat powder)

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6
Q

classical conditioning: unconditioned response

A

unlearned response (salivation)

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7
Q

Classical conditioning: conditioned response

A

learned response to stimulus

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8
Q

5 major conditioning processes for classical conditioning:

A

acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination

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9
Q

Classical conditioning: acquisition

A

-timing (timing between bell and meat powder must be good)

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10
Q

classical conditioning: extinction

A

weakening of conditioned response in absence of ucs (dont hear the bell for a while -> faded association)

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11
Q

enduring changes in behaviour that occur with experience

A

learning

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12
Q

classical conditioning: spontaneous recovery

A

conditioned response can recur after time delay w/out further conditioning

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13
Q

classical conditioning: generalization

A

tendency of new stimulus similar to original (cs) elicits response similar to controlled response. (tone is similar enough to bell to elicit same response)

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14
Q

classical conditioning: discrimination

A

process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not respond to others

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15
Q

the three key variables in classical conditioning

A
  1. strength of ucs, timing of ucs, frequency of pairings
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16
Q

conditioned infant (little albert) to fear white rats. when albert played with rats a large bang would go off. fear generalized to rabbit, dog, fur coat and mask.

A

classical conditioning - little albert study - watson and rayner

17
Q

using classical conditioning to “un” condition fears

A

counter conditioning

18
Q

theorist associated with operant conditioning

A

b.f skinner

19
Q

operant conditioning (law of effect)

A

the consequences of a behaviour increase or decrease the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated

20
Q

operational conditioning: process of rewarding approximations of the behaviour

A

shaping

21
Q

positive reinforcement

A

-frequency of behaviour increases when stimulus is added

22
Q

negative reinforcement

A

frequency of behaviour increases when stimulus is removed (aspirin - removal of pain)

23
Q

operant conditioning: positive punishment

A

unpleasant stimulus is assed to decrease behaviour

24
Q

operant conditioning: negative punishment

A

pleasant stimulus is taken away to decrease behaviour

25
Q

primary punisher

A

stimulus that is naturally unpleasant

26
Q

secondary punsisher

A

neutral stimulus of which negative value is learned

27
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

every occurence

28
Q

partial reinforcement

A

occasional, intermittent

29
Q

fixed interval schedule

A

specified interval of time

30
Q

variable interval schedule

A

predetermined but varying interval of time

31
Q

fixed-ratio schedule

A

specified number of responses

32
Q

variable ratio schedule

A

predetermined but variable number of responses