chapter 1 - intro/theories Flashcards
Known as the “founder of psychology”
Wilhelm Wundt
What is the root word of “psych”
Soul
Nature VS nurture
genetic inheritance VS environment and experience
Principal contributors to Behaviourism?
John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B. F Skinner
Subject matter of behaviourism?
Effects of environment on the overt behaviour of humans and animals
Basic premise of behaviourism?
Only observable events (stimulus-response relations) can be studied scientifically
Principal contributors to psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund freud, carl jung, alfred adler
Subject matter of psychoanalytical theory?
unconscious determinants of behaviour
Basic premise of psychoanalytical theory?
Unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality and mental disorders
Principal contributors to humanistic perspective?
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
Subject matter of the humanistic approach?
Unique aspects of human experience
Basic premise of humanistic theory?
Humans are free, rational beings with the potential for personal growth, and they are fundamentally different than animals
Principal contributors to cognitive approach?
Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Herbert Simon
Subject matter of cognitive approach?
Thoughts, mental processes
Basic premise of cognitive approach?
Human behaviour cannot be fully understood w/out examining how ppl acquire, store and process info
Principal contributors to Biological perspective?
James Olds, Sperry, Hubel and Wiesal
Subject matter of biological psychology?
Psychological bases of behaviour in humans and animals
Basic premise of biological perspective?
An organisms functioning can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that underlie behaviour
Principal contributors to evolutionary perspective?
Buss, Daly, Wilson, Cosmides, Tooby
Subject matter of evolutionary perspective?
Evolutionary bases of behaviour in humans and animals
Basic premise of evolutionary perspective?
Behaviour patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems; natural selection favors behaviours that enhance reproductive success
Cognition
mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge. cognition involves thinking or conscious experience
Applied psychology
branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems -> psychologists who provide professional service to public
Clinical psychology
branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems
James Mark Baldwin
Opened the first experimental laboratory in Canada. It was established at UFT in 1891.
“i think therefore i am”
descartes
(beginnings of psych) Structuralism
studied diff structures of mental processes -> inner workings of the mind. Used introspection -> self examination and looking within
Functionalism
Need to know how consciousness was formed and how they function together -> not what the mind does but instead its purpose
focus on how unconscious mental processes direct behaviour
psychoanalytic perspective
we are born as a blank slate and the environment prints upon us what we are to become
behaviourism
individuals motivated by a need for self-actualization -> to be the best and all u can be
humanistic perspective
mental processes involved in knowing -> ideas and thoughts are more important than behaviour
Cognitive perspective
behaviour and biology interact in important ways
biopsychological
focus on cultural diversity
Cultural psychology
focuses on how social factors affect both behaviour and mental processes
social perspectice
behaviours that help organisms adapt will be passed on to successive generations
charles darwin
