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PSYCH 101 > Chapter 4 - sensation, perception and consciousnees > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - sensation, perception and consciousnees Flashcards

1
Q

the selection organization, and interpretation of sensory input. organizing sensory input i to something meaningful.

A

perception

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2
Q

selective attention

A

the idea that ppl can pay attention to only one or two things at a time

  • cocktail party effect
  • stroop effect: attending to one thing interferes with ur attention to something else
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3
Q

what are the 5 senses?

A

sight, sound, smell, taste, touch

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4
Q

receiving, translating, and transmitting raw sensory data to brain

A

sensation

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5
Q

describe process of which light enters the eye?

A

light enters the eye through the cornea and pupil and is focused upside down on the retina by the lens.

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6
Q

nearsightedness

A

close objects are seen clearly but distant objects appear blurry (eyeball is too long)

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7
Q

farsightedness

A

distant objects are seen clearly but close objects appear blurry (eyeball is too short)

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8
Q

opening in the centre of the iris that helps regulate the amount of light passing into the rear chamber of eye

A

pupil

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9
Q

coloured ring of muscle surrounding the pupil

A

iris

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10
Q

saccades

A

fast eye movements

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11
Q

brains envoy in the eye - neural tissue lining the inside back surface of the eye; absorbs light, processes images, and sends visual info to brain via the optic nerve

A

retina

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12
Q

increase in sensitivity to light when illumination decreases. takes 20-30 min

A

dark adaptation

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13
Q

adjustment that takes place when you go form darkness to a bright setting. 7-10 min.

A

light adaptation

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14
Q

play key role in daylight vision and are concentrated in fovea

A

cones

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15
Q

greatest density outside the fovea, critical to night vision

A

rods

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16
Q

the optic nerves from the inside half of each rye cross at the optic chiasm and then project

A

to the opposite half of the brain

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17
Q

interpretation of visual cues that indicate hoe near or far away objects are. ppl rely on binocular cues and monocular cues to tell how far something is.

A

depth perception

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18
Q

clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes

A

binocular cues

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19
Q

slight difference in the visual images on the retinas between left and right eye -> combo of images gives 3d visual

A

binocular cue - retinal disparity

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20
Q

sensing the eyes converging towards each other as they focus on nearby object

A

binocular cue - convergence

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21
Q

clues about distance based on the image in either eye alone

A

monocular cues

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22
Q

when moving, objects that are closer seem to move more quickly than those at a distance

A

monocular cue - motion parallax

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23
Q

objects which look flat when stationary appear to be 3d when set in motion

A

monocular cue - kinetic depth effect

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24
Q

distant objects appear closer together than nearer objects

A

monocular cue - linear perspective

25
Q

when one object blocks out another it seems closer

A

monocular cue - interposition

26
Q

surfaces that have little texture or detail seem more distant

A

monocular cue - texture gradient

27
Q

closer objects appear larger

A

monocular cue - relative size

28
Q

objects positioned higher in a picture are seen as farther away

A

monocular cue - relative height

29
Q

patterns of light and dark suggest shadows that can create an impression of 3d forms

A

monocular cue - highlighting and shadowing

30
Q

position if light and position of viewer - perceive hazy objects as further away

A

monocular cue - relative clarity or shading

31
Q

perception of a physical stimulus differing from measurable reality

A

illusion

32
Q

5 gestalt principals?

A

proximity, closure, similarity, figure and ground, continuity

33
Q

see objects that are close to each other and try to group them together.

A

gestalt principal - proximity

34
Q

organize perceptual fields into figure (what stands out) and ground (background)

A

gestalt principals - figure and ground

35
Q

for a disconnected or incomplete figure, we fill in the spaces and see it as a complete figure

A

gestalt principle - closure

36
Q

group similar objects together; seen as a unit

A

gestalt principle - similarity

37
Q

string of items indicates where next item in the string will be found

A

gestalt principle - continuity

38
Q

sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached to the body

A

phantom limb pain

39
Q

types of esp?

A

telepath, clairvoyance, precognition, psychokinesis

40
Q

transfer of thoughts from one person to another

A

telepath

41
Q

recognizing objects or events not discernible by normal sensory receptions

A

clairvoyance

42
Q

inexplicable knowledge of future events

A

precognition

43
Q

ability to move objects w/ mental powers

A

psychokinesis

44
Q

perception below threshold of awareness

A

subliminal

45
Q

perceptions of colour (hue) are primarily a function of

A

light wavelength

46
Q

amplitude of light wavelength affects

A

brightness

47
Q

purity of light wavelengths affect

A

saturation

48
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

failure to see unexpected visual objects/events in visual display

49
Q

perception of pain is both

A

physical and psychological

50
Q

brief exposure to sounds over ____ can be painful and damaging

A

120 db

51
Q

human ear is most sensitive to sounds around ______

A

2000 hz

52
Q

3 sections of ear:

A

external ear, the middle ear, inner ear

53
Q

sound collecting cone and auditory canal both found in external ear

A

pinna and eardrum

54
Q

3 tiniest bones in body found in middle ear

A

hammer, anvil and stirrup - known as ossicles

55
Q

fluid filled coiled tunnel found in inner ear is

A

cochlea

56
Q

incoming pain signals can be blocked in the spinal cord. endorphins and a descending neural pathway appear to be responsible for the suppression of pain by the cns.

A

gate control theory

57
Q

what is absolute threshold?

A

stimulus that can be detected 50 percent of the time

58
Q

Jims optometrist has just informed him that he needs glasses to cope with his farsightedness. what will jims new glasses do?

A

adjust the focus of light forward, so that it falls on the retina

PSYCH 101 (6 decks)

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