Chapter 5 - consciousness/dreaming Flashcards
continuum
from alert to dreaming to drug induced states
higher level consciousness consists of
controlled processes
controlled processes
- most alert states of human consciousness
- actively process
- requires selective attention
lower level awareness consists of
automatic processes, daydreaming
automatic processes
- minimal attention
- do not interfere with other ongoing activities
daydreaming
- between active consciousness and dreaming while asleep
- usually spontaneous
- somewhere between active consciousness and dreaming whike youre asleep
altered state of awareness
drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, sensory deprivation
subconscious awareness consists of
-waking subconscious awareness and sleep/dreams
waking subconscious awareness
-ideas ‘incubate’ below threshold of conscious awareness before emerge
Sleep and dreams
- level of awareness lower than daydream
- remain aware of external stimuli to some degree
no awareness (unconscious)
-unconscious contains reservoir of unacceptable wishes, feelings and thoughts
the 5 levels of consciousness?
-higher level consciousness, lower level awareness, altered state of awareness, subconscious awareness, no awareness
delta wave releases
growth hormones
affects of sleep deprivation:
decline in alertness and cognitive performance, decline in brain activity, decline in attention, decline in decision making, decline in immune system, decline in creativity, decline in concentration, decline in communication
Stage 1 of the sleep cycle:
-1 to 7 minutes. brief transitional stage of light sleep. alpha waves are of lower frequency and theta waves are prominent. hypnic jerks
Stage 2 of sleep cycle
-brief bursts of higher frequency brain waves (sleep spindles) appear. brain waves become higher in amplitude and slower in frequency as body moves into deeper form of sleep
stages 3/4 of sleep cycle
-slow wave sleep: high amplitude, low frequency delta waves become prominent. reach in 30 stay for 30.
stage 5 of sleep cycle
rem sleep
“deep” stage or sleep marked by rapid eye movements; high-frequency, low amplitude brain waves and vivid dreaming
REM sleep
rem accounts for __% of adults sleep
20-25
problem in falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up to early
insomnia
may occur in any stage of rem or nrem sleep, v common in young children, same for men and women, often associated with night terrors
sleep talking
frightening dream that awakens dreamer from rem sleep, content usually involves danger, common for children of 3-6 yrs
nightmare
Sudden arousal from sleep and intense fear, rapid heart rate and breathing, loud screams, heavy persipitation, movement, occur during slow wave non rem sleep, peaks at 5-7 yrs
night terror
overpowering urge to sleep, may fall asleep while talking or standing up, immediately enter rem sleep, inherited
narcolepsy
stop breathing bc windpipe fails to open or bc brain processes involves in respiration fail to work properly
sleep apnea
neurogenesis
refers to formation if new neurons and occurs during sleep
biological rhythyms
periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning -> biological clock that monitor passage of time
24 hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species -> particularly influential in the regulation of sleep, also produce rhythmic variations in blood pressure, urine production, hormonal secretions, and other physical functions, as well as alertness, shot-term memory and other aspects of cognitive performance
circadian rhythms
humans energy consumption by brain is reduced by __% during sleep
30
in dreams we have a coherent sense of
self
day residue
term coined by freud which describes spill over of life into dreams
dreams in which ppl can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet they remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream
lucid dreams
Beta: frequency? state of consciousness?
frequency = 13-24 consciousness = normal waking thought, alert problem solving
Alpha: frequency? state of consciousness?
frequency: 8-12
consciousness: deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation
Theta: frequency? state of consciousness?
frequency: 4-7
typical state of consciousness: light sleep
Delta: frequency? state of consciousness?
frequency: less than 4
typical state of consciousness: deep sleep
State of consciousness occurring during rem sleep - vivid imagery
dream
Common dream themes:
daily contacts, sex, aggressive incidents, misfortunes
Who argued that the principal purpose of dreams is wish fulfillment?
Sigmund freud
Content of dream recognized by freud as content which consists of the plot of a dream at the surface level
manifest content
content of dream recognized by freud as content which is hidden or disguised meaning of the events in the plot
latent content
who proposed that dreams provide an opportunity to work through everyday problems (cognitive problem solving view)
Rosalind Cartwright
Who proposed that dreams are the byproduct of bursts of activity emanating from subcortical areas in the brain (activation synthesis model)
j allan hobson and robert mccarley
nature of consciousness
general state of being aware of and responsive to events in the environment and one’s mental processes
an altered state of consciousness first used by mesmer
hypnosis
suggestibility
ability to be hypnotized
posthynoptic suggestion
suggestion that a participant should perform a particular action after the hypnotic session has ended
