Chapter 6 - Learning Flashcards
Classical Conditioning
Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a condition response
During conditioning
Neutral stimulus + unconditioned stimulus = unconditioned response
After conditioning
Conditioned (learned) stimulus = conditioned response
Phobia
Irrational fear
Generalization
Important for survival and it’s a future reference
Systematic desensitization
Step-by-step to get people exposed to that fear
Stimulus discrimination
Don’t treat them the same
Spontaneous recovery
A fear that has disappeared but has the possibility of returning
Operant conditioning
Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences
Reinforcement and punishment
For reinforcement it’s more likely they will do the behavior again
For punishment it’s less likely to do the behavior again
Positive and negative reinforcement
Positive: reward
Negative: taking something bad out of your life
Positive and negative punishment
Positive: get something you don’t want
Negative: time out
Primary and secondary
Primary: don’t have to learn to like
Secondary: don’t have to learn to like
Premack principal
You reword yourself with the more preferred activity with something you don’t like
Schedule of reinforcement
Fixed ratio: salary
Variable ratio: pop-quiz
Fixed interval: monthly pay check
Variable interval: always highly preform
Immediate punishment
Side effects
Not effective
- Increased aggression
- Passive aggressiveness
- Avoidance behaviours
- Modelling
- Temporary suppression
- Learned helplessness
Shaping
The reinforcement of successfully closer and closer approximation to the desired response
Insight learning
Set an understanding of the problem that implies a solution
Insight learning
Hidden learning that exist without behavioral signs
Cognitive map
Mental map
Observational learning
Factors
- Attention
- Retention
- Reproduction
- Reinforcement
Vicarious reinforcement
Vicarious punishment
More likely to copy
Less likely to copy
Cognitive behavior therapy
Using exposure and response prevention
Mirror neurons
Fire at the same rate in sequence of what they see
FMRI
MRI
Movie of the brain
Picture of the brain
Biological preparedness
We are prepared by nature to be scared of certain
Aversive conditioning
Makes you not want something you’ve used or want
Biofeedback
Way to train your body to be calm
In order to change an internal body function
Learning
Permanent change in behavior and mental processes because of practice or experience
