Chapter 1 - Introduction & Research

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

Question 2

Steps of scientific methods:

Answer 2

1. Describe
2. Explain (hypothesis)
3. Predict
4. Control ➡️ manipulation

Question 3

Types of research:

Answer 3

1. Basic research: just to know

2. Applied research: solve a problem

Question 4

Ethics (code of conduct):

Answer 4

Treating people fairly

Question 5

Operational definition

Answer 5

Concrete definition

Question 6

Experimental research:

Answer 6

A search for cause and effect

Question 7

Experiment

Answer 7

Controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experiment have a causal effect on the experiment result

Question 8

Independent variable:

Answer 8

Variable manipulated by researcher

Question 9

Depended variable:

Answer 9

Variable that is measured depended on independent variable

Question 10

Experimental group:

Answer 10

Group that gets manipulated

Question 11

Control group

Answer 11

Does not receive experimental manipulations

Question 12

Single blind:

Answer 12

The experimenter knows who is in the experimental vs. the control group and the participants do not

Question 13

Double blind:

Answer 13

Neither experimenter or participants know which group is who

Question 14

Survey:

Answer 14

Asking random people that make up the populations questions

Question 15

Correlations (positive, negative and no correlation)

Answer 15

Positive: both factors move in one direction

Negative: both factors move in opposite directions

No correlation: zero correlation between both factors

Question 16

Statistical significance

Answer 16

Unimportant
Not common
Rare occurrence

Question 17

How to conduct an experiment:

Answer 17

Need to have representative random sample and you need to manipulate a sample of that population

Question 18

Case study:

Answer 18

On one individual person

Question 19

Inferences vs observations

Inferences

Answer 19

1. Can be made at any time
2. Can go well beyond observations to the limit of imagination
3. Can be made by everyone
4. Involves degrees of probability

Question 20

Bias versus assumption

Bias

Answer 20

Occurs when a believe presents for judgment on the issue

Question 21

Assumption

Answer 21

Is something taken for granted to be true

Question 22

SQ4R

Answer 22

S: survey
Q: question
4R: 
1. Read (take notes)
2. Recite
3. Review
4. Reinforce yourself