Chapter 6: Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
cutaneous membrane
A
- the skin
- ## two layers (epidermis and dermis)
2
Q
epidermis
A
- outermost layer
- stratified squamous epithelial tissue
- contains no blood vessels
- obtains oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from the dermal layer beneath it
3
Q
dermis
A
- inner, deeper layer
- composed of connective tissue
- contains primarily collagen fibers (strengthen), elastin fibers (provide elasticity), and reticular fibers (bind collagen and elastin fibers together)
- contains many blood vessels
- also contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerve endings, and hair follicles
4
Q
papillae
A
5
Q
hypodermis
A
6
Q
layers of the epidermis
A
7
Q
stratum basale
A
8
Q
keratin
A
9
Q
stratum corneum
A
10
Q
keratinocytes
A
11
Q
melanocytes
A
12
Q
melanin
A
13
Q
skin color
A
14
Q
ultraviolet radiation
A
15
Q
cyanosis
A
- blue tint
- caused by a deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood
16
Q
jaundice
A
- yellow discoloration of skin and the whites of the eyes
17
Q
bronzing
A
- a golden brown color
- caused by a deficiency or hormones from the adrenal gland
- occurs in Addison disease
18
Q
albinism
A
- extremely pale skin, white hair, and pink eyes
- caused by a genetic lack of melanin
19
Q
erythema
A
- abnormal redness
- caused by increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skin’s surface
- may result from heat, exercise, sunburn, infection, embarrassment/anger
20
Q
pallor
A
- pale skin
- caused by decreased blood flow
- can be caused by cold temperatures, fear or emotional stress, low blood pressure, or blood loss
21
Q
bruise (hematoma)
A
- bluish, black, or yellowish mark on the skin
- caused by the breakdown of clotted blood under the skin
22
Q
functions of the skin
A
- protection
- barrier
- vitamin D production
- sensory perception
- thermoregulation
23
Q
protection
A
24
Q
barrier
A
25
vitamin D production
26
sensory perception
27
thermoregulation
28
hair
29
shaft
- part of the hair that extends above the skin's surface
30
hair follicle
- a sheath of epidermis that each hair lies within
- have a rich hair and nerve supply
31
hair bulb (root)
- buried in the dermis
- lowest part of the hair
- where growth occurs
32
papilla
- a cluster of connective tissue and blood vessels
- nourishes each hair
33
arrector pili
34
hair color
35
hair texture
36
hair growth
37
hair loss
38
alopecia
39
male pattern baldness
40
nails
41
cuticle
42
nail body
43
lunula
44
nail bed
45
nail root
46
abnormal nail changes
- clubbing
- cyanosis
- flattened or concave nail beds
- dark lines beneath the nail
- white nails
- yellowish, thickened, slow growing nails
- pale nail beds
47
clubbing
48
cyanosis
49
flattened or concave nail beds
50
dark lines beneath the nail
51
white nails
52
yellowish, thickened, slow-growing nails
53
pale nail beds
54
glands associated with skin
- sweat glands (eccrine & apocrine)
- sebaceous glands
- ceruminous glands
55
eccrine glands
- contain a duct that lead from a secretory portion (a twisted coil in the dermis), through the dermis and epidermis, and onto the skins surface
- widespread throughout the body
- especially abundant on the palms, soles, forehead, and upper torso
- produce sweat
56
apocrine glands
- contain a duct that leads to a hair follicle
57
sebaceous glands
58
ceruminous glands
59
changes with aging
60
sweat
61
burns
62
first-degree burn
- partial-thickness burn (superficial)
63
second-degree burn
- partial-thickness burn (deep)
64
third-degree burn
- full thickness burn
- extends through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous layer
- may not be initially painful because of the destruction of nerve endings
- may appear white or black and leathery
- often requires skin grafts
65
rule of nines
- estimates the amount of body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn
- divides the body into areas of 9%
- not accurate in infants and children
66
skin cancer
67
acne
68
dermatitis
69
eczema
70
impetigo
71
psoriasis
72
tinea
73
urticaria
