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Pathoma > Chapter 6: High yield White Blood Cell Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 6: High yield White Blood Cell Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

CD 34

A

hematopoietic stem cell

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2
Q

CD 16

A

Fc receptor. Decreased in immature neutrophils.

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3
Q

Left shift?

A

release immature neutrophils

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4
Q

Eosinophilia

A

Think Hodgkin Lymphoma.

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5
Q

Basophilia

A

Think chronic myeloid leukemia

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6
Q

Positive TdT nuclear staining means

A

Its a lymphoblast - so would be ALL. TdT is a DNA polymerase

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7
Q

Tdt+; CD10,19, and 20. t(12;21) [children] t(9;22) [adults]

A

B-ALL

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8
Q

TdT+; CD2-CD8 NO CD10

A

T-ALL. if present in teens as a mediastinal (thymic) mass - call acute lymphoblastic LYMPHOMA because the malignant cells form a mass.

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9
Q

MPO positive in cytoplasm means

A

Myeloblasts. will get crystal aggregates of MPO into AUER RODS

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10
Q

MPO +; t(15;17)

A

APL (Acute promyelocytic leukemia). retinoic acid receptor (17). Risk of DIC. Tx = all-trans-retinoic acid (vitamin A derivative)

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11
Q

Cytopenia; hypercellular bone marrow; increased blasts (but < 20%); prior exposure to alkylating agents or radiotherapy

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

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12
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of blasts; defiend as the accumation of >20% blasts in the bone marrow

A

Acute Leukemia

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13
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature circulating lymphocytes; characterized by a high WBC count

A

Chronic Leukemia

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14
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of naïve B cells that co-express CD5 and CD20. Increased lymphocytes and smudge cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy.

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL); Complications = Hypogammaglobulinemia, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and transformation to DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA (RICHTER TRANSFORMATION) Marked by enlarging lymph node or spleen

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15
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature B cell characterized by HAIRY CYTOPLASMIC PROCESSES. + tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). splenomegaly [RED PULP], dry tap on bone marrow

A

Hairy Cell leukemia

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16
Q

Tx of hairy cell leukemia

A

2-CDA (Cladribine) - an adenosine deaminase inhibitor

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17
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4+ T cells. Associated with HTLV-1. Rash, generalized lymphadenopathy; hepatosplenomegaly; lytic bone lesions with hypercalcemia

A

Adult T-Cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)

18
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature CD4+ T cells. Pautrier microabscesses. Sezary Syndrome

A

Mycosis Fungoides

19
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially granulocytes (BASOPHILS). t(9:22) [generates BCR-ABL fusion protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity]. Negative leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) stain.

A

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Can transform to AML (2/3) or ALL (1/3).

20
Q

Tx of CML

A

Imatinib - blocks tyrosine kinase activity

21
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially RBC. Associated with JAK2 kinase mutation. Itching after bathing. EPO is decreased.

A

Polycythemia Vera. tx: phlebotomy. Second line = hydroxyurea

22
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially platelets. Associated with JAK2 kinase mutation.

A

Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)

23
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially megakaryocytes. Associated with Jak2 kinase mutation. Excess platelet-derived growth factor causing marrow fibrosis. Dacrocytes. Tear-drop RBC, nucleated RBC. Splenomegaly

A

Myelofibrosis

24
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis and early stages of HIV infection show what area of lymph node hyperplasia

A

Follicular hyperplasia (B-cell region)

25
Q

What region of the lymph node undergoes hyperplasia with viral infections (infectious mononucleosis)

A

Paracortex hyperplasia (T-cell region)

26
Q

When do you see hyperplasia of sinus histiocytes in lymph nodes

A

nodes that are training tissue with cancer

27
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells that forms a mass. May arise in a lymph node or in extranodal tissue

A

Lymphoma

28
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of small B cells (CD20). Late adult. painless lymphadenopathy. t(14:18)

A

Follicular Lymphoma. BCL2 on Chromosome 18. CAN PROGRESS TO DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA - presents as an enlarging lymph node

29
Q

Tx of Follicular lymphoma.

A

symptomatic only. Low-dose chemo or rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody)

30
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of small B cells (CD20). T(11;14). Late adult, painless lymphadenopathy.

A

Mantel Cell lymphoma. Cyclin D1 gene on chromosome 11 Translocates to Ig heavy chain. Cyclin D1 promotes G1/S transition.

31
Q

Tx of Mantel Cell lymphoma

A

Ibrutinib

32
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of intermediate-sized B cells (CD20). Associated with EBV. extranodla mass in child/young adult. t(8;14) (c-myc). ‘starry-sky’ appearance

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

33
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of large B cells (CD20) that grow diffusely in sheets. Late adult hood as an enlarging lymph node or extranodal mass.

A

Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma.

tx: R-CHOP

34
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of Reed-Sternberg cells (large B cell, multi lobed ‘owl eye’). CD15, CD30. Spread = contiguous

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma.

35
Q

Malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Bone pain with hypercalcemia (‘punched-out’); M-spike > 3; Rouleaux formation; AL amyloidosis; Bence Jones protein in urine.

A

Multiple Myeloma.

Neoplastic plasma cells activate the RANK receptor on osteoclast. see in vertebrae and skull.

36
Q

CRAB Criteria for Multiple Myeloma

A

Calcium, Renal dysfunction, Anemia, Bone

37
Q

M Spike <3g/Dl; no CRAB criteria;

A

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

38
Q

B-cell Lymphoma with monoclonal IgM production. Mspike; Visual and neurological deficits; Bleeding. No lytic bone lesions.

A

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Acute complications are treated with plasmapheresis

39
Q

Birbeck (Tennis Racket) granules; CD1a; S100+

A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

40
Q

Malignant proliferation of Langerhans cells. Skin rash and cystic skeletal defects in an infant. Rapidly fatal.

A

Letterer-Siwe Disease

41
Q

Benign proliferation of Langerhans cells in bone. Pathologic fracture in adolescent. Skin not involved.

A

Eosinophilic Granuloma

42
Q

Malignant proliferation of Langerhans cells. Scalp rash; lytic skull defects; diabetes insipidus; exophthalmos in a child.

A

Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease

Pathoma (15 decks)

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