Chapter 5: RBC Disorders - High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Fe absorption

A

in duodenum. Enterocytes transport Fe across cell membrane into blood via FERROPORTIN (key regulatory step). absorbed in Fe2+ state.

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2
Q

Transferrin

A

Transport Fe in blood and deliver it to liver an dbone marrow macrophages for storage.

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3
Q

Ferritin.

A

Fe is bound to this intracellular for storage.

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4
Q

TIBC

A

measure of transferrin molecules in the blood

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5
Q

Serum Ferritin

A

Reflects Fe stores in macrophages and liver

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6
Q

Koilonychia, Pica; Lab: inc RDW; microcytic; hypochromic; dec ferriting; inc TIBC; dec serum Fe; Dec % sat; INC FREE ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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7
Q

Fe deficiency anemia with esophageal web and atrophic glossitis - “Beefy red tongue”

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

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8
Q

Hepcidin

A

Sequesters Fe storage in storage sites, suppresses EPO production

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9
Q

Inc Ferritin; dec TIBC; Dec Serum Fe; Dec % saturation; Inc Free erythrocyte protophorphyrin

A

Anemia of Chronic disease.

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10
Q

Inc ferritin; dec TIBC; inc serum Fe; Inc % saturation

A

Sideroblastic anemia.

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11
Q

Thalassemia protects against what?

A

Plasmodium falciparum malaria

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12
Q

Folate is absorbed in the

A

jejunum

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13
Q

Marocytic RBC, hypersegmented neutorphils, glossitis, inc serum homocysteine, nml methylmalonic acid

A

Folate deficiency

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14
Q

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is absorbed in the

A

ilieum

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15
Q

Autoimmune destruction of parietal cells leading to intrinsic factor deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia

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16
Q

Macrocytic RBC, hypersegmented neutrophils, glossitis, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (poor proprioception, vibratory sensation, and spastic paresis); inc serum homocysteine; increase methylmalonic acid

A

B12 deficiency anemia

17
Q

Spherocytes. Inc RDW; Inc MCHC; Increased risk for aplastic crisis with Parvo B19; dx with osmotic fragility test.

A

Hereditary sperhocytois. Tx = splenectomy. Sperhocytes will persist and Howell-Jolly bodies emerge on blood smear

18
Q

Autosomal recessive mutation in B-chain of hemoglobin. Replaces glutamic acid with valine. Protective against falciparum malaria

A

Sickle Cell anemia

19
Q

> 90% HbS in RBC.

A

Sickle cell disease. alpha2 beta 2^S

20
Q

Tx of Sickle Cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea - increases levels of HbF

21
Q

< 50% HbS

A

Sickle Cell trait

22
Q

Metabisulfite screen

A

causes cells with any amount of HbS to sickle; positive in both disease and trait

23
Q

Autosomal Recessive mutation in Beta chain of hemoglobin. Glutamic acid is replaced by lysine. HbC CRYSTALS ARE SEEN IN RBC IN BLOOD SMEAR

A

Hemoglobin C

24
Q

Absence of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). Therefore, no Decay accelerating factor (DAF). Sucrose test = screen. Acidified serum test or flow cytometry to detect lack of CD 55 (DAF) on blood cells = confirmatory.

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) - Normocytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis

25
X-linked recessive. Susceptible to oxidative stress. decreased NADPH [therefore decreased glutathione]. Protective against Falciparum malaria. Heniz bodies (Hb). Bite cells.
Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD). Normocytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis.
26
Causes of oxidative stress
Infections; drugs (primaquine, sulfa drugs; dapsone) and fava beans.
27
Direct Coombs test
Test for immune hemolytic anemia. Confirms the presence of antibody-coated RBC. Anti-IgG is added to the patient RBC
28
Malaria cause with daily fever
P. falciparum
29
Malaria cause with fever every other day
P. vivax and P. ovale
30
Source of EPO
peritubular interstitial cells
31
Biopsy = empty, fatty marrow. Pancytopenia
Aplastic anemia