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Pathoma > Chapter 5: RBC Disorders - High Yield > Flashcards

Chapter 5: RBC Disorders - High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Fe absorption

A

in duodenum. Enterocytes transport Fe across cell membrane into blood via FERROPORTIN (key regulatory step). absorbed in Fe2+ state.

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2
Q

Transferrin

A

Transport Fe in blood and deliver it to liver an dbone marrow macrophages for storage.

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3
Q

Ferritin.

A

Fe is bound to this intracellular for storage.

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4
Q

TIBC

A

measure of transferrin molecules in the blood

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5
Q

Serum Ferritin

A

Reflects Fe stores in macrophages and liver

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6
Q

Koilonychia, Pica; Lab: inc RDW; microcytic; hypochromic; dec ferriting; inc TIBC; dec serum Fe; Dec % sat; INC FREE ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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7
Q

Fe deficiency anemia with esophageal web and atrophic glossitis - “Beefy red tongue”

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

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8
Q

Hepcidin

A

Sequesters Fe storage in storage sites, suppresses EPO production

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9
Q

Inc Ferritin; dec TIBC; Dec Serum Fe; Dec % saturation; Inc Free erythrocyte protophorphyrin

A

Anemia of Chronic disease.

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10
Q

Inc ferritin; dec TIBC; inc serum Fe; Inc % saturation

A

Sideroblastic anemia.

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11
Q

Thalassemia protects against what?

A

Plasmodium falciparum malaria

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12
Q

Folate is absorbed in the

A

jejunum

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13
Q

Marocytic RBC, hypersegmented neutorphils, glossitis, inc serum homocysteine, nml methylmalonic acid

A

Folate deficiency

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14
Q

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is absorbed in the

A

ilieum

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15
Q

Autoimmune destruction of parietal cells leading to intrinsic factor deficiency

A

Pernicious anemia

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16
Q

Macrocytic RBC, hypersegmented neutrophils, glossitis, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (poor proprioception, vibratory sensation, and spastic paresis); inc serum homocysteine; increase methylmalonic acid

A

B12 deficiency anemia

17
Q

Spherocytes. Inc RDW; Inc MCHC; Increased risk for aplastic crisis with Parvo B19; dx with osmotic fragility test.

A

Hereditary sperhocytois. Tx = splenectomy. Sperhocytes will persist and Howell-Jolly bodies emerge on blood smear

18
Q

Autosomal recessive mutation in B-chain of hemoglobin. Replaces glutamic acid with valine. Protective against falciparum malaria

A

Sickle Cell anemia

19
Q

> 90% HbS in RBC.

A

Sickle cell disease. alpha2 beta 2^S

20
Q

Tx of Sickle Cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea - increases levels of HbF

21
Q

< 50% HbS

A

Sickle Cell trait

22
Q

Metabisulfite screen

A

causes cells with any amount of HbS to sickle; positive in both disease and trait

23
Q

Autosomal Recessive mutation in Beta chain of hemoglobin. Glutamic acid is replaced by lysine. HbC CRYSTALS ARE SEEN IN RBC IN BLOOD SMEAR

A

Hemoglobin C

24
Q

Absence of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). Therefore, no Decay accelerating factor (DAF). Sucrose test = screen. Acidified serum test or flow cytometry to detect lack of CD 55 (DAF) on blood cells = confirmatory.

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) - Normocytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis

25
Q

X-linked recessive. Susceptible to oxidative stress. decreased NADPH [therefore decreased glutathione]. Protective against Falciparum malaria. Heniz bodies (Hb). Bite cells.

A

Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD). Normocytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis.

26
Q

Causes of oxidative stress

A

Infections; drugs (primaquine, sulfa drugs; dapsone) and fava beans.

27
Q

Direct Coombs test

A

Test for immune hemolytic anemia. Confirms the presence of antibody-coated RBC. Anti-IgG is added to the patient RBC

28
Q

Malaria cause with daily fever

A

P. falciparum

29
Q

Malaria cause with fever every other day

A

P. vivax and P. ovale

30
Q

Source of EPO

A

peritubular interstitial cells

31
Q

Biopsy = empty, fatty marrow. Pancytopenia

A

Aplastic anemia

Pathoma (15 decks)

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