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BIO-457 > Chapter 6 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is the law of independent assortment violated?

A

Transmission of genes close to each other on the same chromosome

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2
Q

When two or more genes are located on the same chromosome and physically linked

A

Synteny

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3
Q

When genes close together on a chromosome are transmitted as a unit

A

Genetic linkage

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4
Q

Chromosomes are called…

A

Linkage groups

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5
Q

Study of linkage between two genes

A

Two-factor cross

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6
Q

Study of linkage between three genes

A

Three-factor cross

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7
Q

Genes that are far apart on the same chromosome can independently assort due to…

A

Crossing over

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8
Q

Suggested that the transmission of two traits from parents could be somewhat coupled

A

Bateson and Punnett

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9
Q

Replicated sister chromatid homologues associate as

A

Bivalents

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10
Q

Crossing over may produce

A

Recombinant genotypes

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11
Q

Haploid cells that contain a combination of alleles NOT found in the original chromosomes

A

Recombinant cells

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12
Q

Produced during the exchange of DNA between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis in one or both parents to create a novel combination of genetic material

A

Recombinant offspring

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13
Q

First direct evidence of linkage came from studies by

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

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14
Q

Conducted experiments involving two linked genes to obtain evidence that genetic recombination comes from crossing over

A

Creighton, McClintock and Stern

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15
Q

The specific location a gene is on a chromosome

A

Locus

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16
Q

Used to determine that linear order of linked genes along the same chromosome

A

Genetic mapping

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17
Q

Uses of genetic mapping

A

Understanding complexity, cloning, understanding of evolution, diagnosis of disease, odds of having children with a disease, and improvement of agriculturally important strains

18
Q

What is the relative distance between linked genes based on

A

The likelihood that a crossover would occur

19
Q

Percentage of recombinant offspring is correlated to

A

The distance between the two genes

20
Q

Genes that are far apart result in

A

Many recombinant offspring

21
Q

Close genes result in

A

Few recombinant offspring

22
Q

Map distance equals

A

Percentage of recombinant offspring out of total offspring

23
Q

Units of map distance

A

Map units, centiMorgans

24
Q

A testcross is expected to yield a maximum of…

A

50% recombinant offspring

25
Q

Separates the gene in the middle from the other two genes at either end

A

Double crossover

26
Q

When a first crossover decreases the probability that a second will occur nearby

A

Interference

27
Q

Equation for interference

A

I = 1-C

28
Q

What does C represent

A

Coefficient of coincidence

29
Q

Equation for C

A

Observed number of double crossovers / expected number of double crossovers

30
Q

Haploid cells reproduce…

A

Asexually

31
Q

In Ascomycetes, meiosis produces four haploid cells called…

A

Spores

32
Q

A group of 4 spores is a…

A

Tetrad

33
Q

The spores are enclosed in a sac called an…

A

Ascus

34
Q

Tetrad may contain four haploid cells with nonrecombinant arrangements of alleles

A

Parental ditype

35
Q

An ascus may have two nonrecombinant cells and two recombinant cells

A

Tetratype

36
Q

An ascus with a nonparental ditype contains…

A

Four cells with recombinant genotypes

37
Q

If the two genes assort independently…

A

50% recombinant spores are produced

38
Q

If the two genes are linked…

A

The type of crossover between them determines what type of ascus is produced

39
Q

The nonparental ditype can only be produced from…

A

Double crossover

40
Q

Crossing over in mitosis is expected to be much less likely than during meiosis, producing a new combination of alleles

A

Mitotic recombination

41
Q

If mitotic recombination occurs during an early stage of embryonic development…

A

Daughter cells containing recombinant chromosomes continue to divide which can result in a patch of tissue with different characteristics than the rest of the organism

42
Q

Who discovered changes from mitotic recombination?

A

Curt Stern

BIO-457 (7 decks)

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