Chapter 6 - Exercise and Sport Physiology

Question 1

exercise

Answer 1

voluntary activation of skeletal muscle for recreation, sporting or occupational activities

Question 2

what are major bodily systems involved with exercise?

Answer 2

nervous, skeletal muscle, cardiovascular, respiratory, neuroendocrine

Question 3

homeostasis

Answer 3

our body’s ability to remain at a constant state, heat dissipation, muscle contractions disrupt this

Question 4

allostasis

Answer 4

stress-specific adaptations that maintain homestasis, body loves constructive changes

Question 5

what is exercise/sport physiology

Answer 5

integration of multiple systems towards a unified goal, primary goal is to supply energy for muscle contraction

Question 6

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 6

energy used for biological work, can “give” its phosphate molecules to other proteins to produce specific actions,

Question 7

what is a power stroke?

Answer 7

the break down that occurs during myosin cross-bridging that causes the myosin head to pull actin filaments closer together, more power strokes = more muscle force

Question 8

what are the three metabolic systems that help make ATP?

Answer 8

Anaerobically: immediate(alactic) and short-term(lactic)
Aerobically: long-term(aerobic)

Question 9

Immediate(alactic) metabolic system:

Answer 9

fuel source: stored ATP and phosphocreatine
metabolic process: creatine kinase reaction
products: ATP, creatine

Question 10

Short-term(lactic) metabolic system:

Answer 10

fuel source: carbs
metabolic processes: anaerobic glycolysis
products: ATP, lactate

Question 11

Long-term(aerobic) metabolic system:

Answer 11

• required to bring body back to homeostasis
  fuel source: O2 + carbs, lipids, protein, lactate
  metabolic process: oxidative phosphorylation
  products: ATP, CO2

Question 12

Citric Acid cycle/respiratory chain

Answer 12

aerobic
fatty acids
pyruvate form glucose
some deaminated amino acids

Question 13

glycolysis

Answer 13

anaerobic
phosphocreatine
glucose/glycogen
glycerol
some deaminated amino acids

Question 14

what is the major principle of exercise physiology?

Answer 14

to maintain homeostasis
- supply=demand
it is a spectrum of influence over human health

Question 15

VO2 max

Answer 15

a persons capacity for ATP resynthesis
the maximum oxygen consumption capacity
A.V. Hill noticed this phenomenon way back when
this is low in disease states
can train to improve

Question 16

what are the 3 principles of exercise training?

Answer 16

principles of:
- overload
- progression
- reversibility

Question 17

principle of overload:

Answer 17

introduces stress beyond usual limits by altering intensity, duration and/or frequency of exercise

Question 18

principle of progression:

Answer 18

overload should be done gradually to give body time to adapt

Question 19

principle of reversibility:

Answer 19

adaptations are not permanent, continuity and consistency is key to maintaining training adaptations

Question 20

can increase mitochondrial content by stressing the aerobic system through high intensity training (simultaneously improving VO2 max)

Answer 20

exercise training

Question 21

examples of health related components of physical fitness:

Answer 21

aerobic capacity, body composition, flexibility, muscular endurance, muscular strength

Question 22

examples of skill related components of physical fitness:

Answer 22

agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed