Chapter 6: Endocrine System Flashcards
glandular tissue in brain responsible for melatonin release & light/dark cycle
Pineal Gland
responsible for “mind/body connection”
Hypothalamus
gland responsible for major production and release of hormones
Pituitary Gland
Neural Connection to Posterior Pituitary
- Supraoptic nucleus secrete _______; important for lactation
- Paraventricular nucleus secretes _____; important for release/attainment of water for kidneys
Neural Connection to Posterior Pituitary
- Supraoptic nucleus secrete oxytocin; important for lactation
- Paraventricular nucleus secretes ADH; important for release/attainment of water for kidneys
Posterior Pituitary hormone:
located in the paraventricular nucleus & responsible for water balance and osmolarity
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin
Posterior Pituitary hormone:
located in the supraoptic nucleus & responsible for milk ejection
Oxytocin
type of hormone that affects the release of another hormone; 2 main functions?
Tropic Hormones; Releasing/Inhibiting Hormones
3 components that control the Hypothalmic Tropic Hormone release?
Neural input, hormonal, & circadian rhythm
Type of hypothalamic tropic hormone release responsible for negative feedback
Hormonal
Area of the nucleus responsible for circadian rhythm of hypothalamic tropic hormone release
Suprachiasmatic nucleus of Hypothalamus
Label the Negative Feedback Loop:
Label Feedback Control: Cortisol
Name & Describe hormones of the Thyroid Gland
T4: Tetraiodothyronine, inactive
T3: Triiodothyronine, active in tissues
Calcitonin: regulates calcium levels in blood, decreasing
Role of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?
Regulates calcium levels in blood, increasing
Gland that secretes thymosin, develops the immune system by producing white cells and regulates T-cell function
Thymus
Hormones of the Adrenal Gland are referred to as?
Adrenocorticoids
Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:
Regulates Na & K maintenance in ISF
Mineralcorticoids
Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:
regulates stress response & metabolism; aka?
Glucocorticoid; Cortisol
Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:
regulate reproductive function; aka?
Sex Hormones; Androgens
What type of cells secrete Catechol?
Adrenocorticoid; Chromaffin cells
Breakdown and function of Catechol?
80% epinephrine
20% NE
10% DA
Adrenocorticoid receptor important in Fight/flight response
gland responsible for metabolism and digestion
Pancreas
Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting glucagon
Alpha cell
Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting insulin
Beta cell
Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting somatostatin, GH inhibiting
Delta cell
Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to induce digestion
F cell
What are gonads and name male and female gonads?
Sexual Reproductive Gland
Male- testes
Female- ovaries
Hormones secreted by male gonads, testes?
Testosterone, androstenedione
Hormones secreted by female testes, the ovaries
Estradiol/estrogen, Progesterone
Name the 5 Secondary Endocrine Organs
Heart, Kidneys, GI Tract, Liver, Skin & Kidneys
Secondary Endocrine Organ- Heart
secretes what type of hormone?
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Secondary Endocrine Organ-Kidneys
secretes what type of hormone?
erythropoietin
Secondary Endocrine Organ- GI Tract
Secretes what types of hormones?
Cholecystokinin
Secretin
Gastrin
Secondary Endocrine Organ-Liver
secretes what type of hormone?
insulin-like growth factors (somatomedins)
Secondary Endocrine Organ-Skin & Kidneys
secretes what type of hormone?
calcitriol
Factors that control the hormone levels in the blood? (3)
rate of hormone secretion
amount of hormone bound to plasma proteins
rate of hormone metabolism
What is in charge of hormonal control of the circadian rhythm? How?
Melatonin, resets daily cycle based on light stimulus
Peptides & catecholamines are dissolved in plasma and are therefore a ________ hormone
Peptides & catecholamines are dissolved in plasma and are therefore a hydrophilic hormone
Steroids & thyroid hormones possess a longer half-life and must bind to carrier proteins for transport, therefore they are _________ hormones
Steroids & thyroid hormones must bind to carrier proteins for transport, therefore they are hydrophobic hormones
In the transport of hydrophobic hormones, what type of hormone can only bind to the receptor and be metabolized?
Free Hormone
The rate of hormone metabolism is determined by its sites which include? (3)
Target cell, blood, liver
For the rate of hormone metabolism, ________ hormones can be stored in adipose tissue
For the rate of hormone metabolism, lipophilic hormones can be stored in adipose tissue
Abnormal secretion of hormones where too little is produced
Hyposecretion
Abnormal secretion of hormones where too much is produced
Hypersecretion
Abnormal secretion of hormones where normal hormone levels are present, but the tissue responds inappropriately
Abnormal Tissue Responsiveness
Effects of combined hormone interactions where the effects of hormones oppose each other
Antagonism
Effects of combined hormone interactions where a net effect equals the sum of the individual effects
Additive
Effects of combined hormone interactions where hormones work together to cause the same effect, and net effects exceeds the sum of individual effects
Synergistic
Effects of combined hormone interactions where one hormone is needed for another to exert its effects
Permissiveness
