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APK 2105 Exam 2 > Chapter 6: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

glandular tissue in brain responsible for melatonin release & light/dark cycle

A

Pineal Gland

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2
Q

responsible for “mind/body connection”

A

Hypothalamus

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3
Q

gland responsible for major production and release of hormones

A

Pituitary Gland

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4
Q

Neural Connection to Posterior Pituitary

  • ​Supraoptic nucleus secrete _______; important for lactation
  • Paraventricular nucleus secretes _____; important for release/attainment of water for kidneys
A

Neural Connection to Posterior Pituitary

  • ​Supraoptic nucleus secrete oxytocin; important for lactation
  • Paraventricular nucleus secretes ADH; important for release/attainment of water for kidneys
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5
Q

Posterior Pituitary hormone:

located in the paraventricular nucleus & responsible for water balance and osmolarity

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin

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6
Q

Posterior Pituitary hormone:

located in the supraoptic nucleus & responsible for milk ejection

A

Oxytocin

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7
Q

type of hormone that affects the release of another hormone; 2 main functions?

A

Tropic Hormones; Releasing/Inhibiting Hormones

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8
Q

3 components that control the Hypothalmic Tropic Hormone release?

A

Neural input, hormonal, & circadian rhythm

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9
Q

Type of hypothalamic tropic hormone release responsible for negative feedback

A

Hormonal

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10
Q

Area of the nucleus responsible for circadian rhythm of hypothalamic tropic hormone release

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus of Hypothalamus

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11
Q

Label the Negative Feedback Loop:

A
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12
Q

Label Feedback Control: Cortisol

A
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13
Q

Name & Describe hormones of the Thyroid Gland

A

T4: Tetraiodothyronine, inactive

T3: Triiodothyronine, active in tissues

Calcitonin: regulates calcium levels in blood, decreasing

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14
Q

Role of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

A

Regulates calcium levels in blood, increasing

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15
Q

Gland that secretes thymosin, develops the immune system by producing white cells and regulates T-cell function

A

Thymus

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16
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal Gland are referred to as?

A

Adrenocorticoids

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17
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:

Regulates Na & K maintenance in ISF

A

Mineralcorticoids

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18
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:

regulates stress response & metabolism; aka?

A

Glucocorticoid; Cortisol

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19
Q

Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:

regulate reproductive function; aka?

A

Sex Hormones; Androgens

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20
Q

What type of cells secrete Catechol?

A

Adrenocorticoid; Chromaffin cells

21
Q

Breakdown and function of Catechol?

A

80% epinephrine

20% NE

10% DA

Adrenocorticoid receptor important in Fight/flight response

22
Q

gland responsible for metabolism and digestion

A

Pancreas

23
Q

Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting glucagon

A

Alpha cell

24
Q

Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting insulin

A

Beta cell

25
Q

Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting somatostatin, GH inhibiting

A

Delta cell

26
Q

Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to induce digestion

A

F cell

27
Q

What are gonads and name male and female gonads?

A

Sexual Reproductive Gland

Male- testes

Female- ovaries

28
Q

Hormones secreted by male gonads, testes?

A

Testosterone, androstenedione

29
Q

Hormones secreted by female testes, the ovaries

A

Estradiol/estrogen, Progesterone

30
Q

Name the 5 Secondary Endocrine Organs

A

Heart, Kidneys, GI Tract, Liver, Skin & Kidneys

31
Q

Secondary Endocrine Organ- Heart

secretes what type of hormone?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

32
Q

Secondary Endocrine Organ-Kidneys

secretes what type of hormone?

A

erythropoietin

33
Q

Secondary Endocrine Organ- GI Tract

Secretes what types of hormones?

A

Cholecystokinin

Secretin

Gastrin

34
Q

Secondary Endocrine Organ-Liver

secretes what type of hormone?

A

insulin-like growth factors (somatomedins)

35
Q

Secondary Endocrine Organ-Skin & Kidneys

secretes what type of hormone?

A

calcitriol

36
Q

Factors that control the hormone levels in the blood? (3)

A

rate of hormone secretion

amount of hormone bound to plasma proteins

rate of hormone metabolism

37
Q

What is in charge of hormonal control of the circadian rhythm? How?

A

Melatonin, resets daily cycle based on light stimulus

38
Q

Peptides & catecholamines are dissolved in plasma and are therefore a ________ hormone

A

Peptides & catecholamines are dissolved in plasma and are therefore a hydrophilic hormone

39
Q

Steroids & thyroid hormones possess a longer half-life and must bind to carrier proteins for transport, therefore they are _________ hormones

A

Steroids & thyroid hormones must bind to carrier proteins for transport, therefore they are hydrophobic hormones

40
Q

In the transport of hydrophobic hormones, what type of hormone can only bind to the receptor and be metabolized?

A

Free Hormone

41
Q

The rate of hormone metabolism is determined by its sites which include? (3)

A

Target cell, blood, liver

42
Q

For the rate of hormone metabolism, ________ hormones can be stored in adipose tissue

A

For the rate of hormone metabolism, lipophilic hormones can be stored in adipose tissue

43
Q

Abnormal secretion of hormones where too little is produced

A

Hyposecretion

44
Q

Abnormal secretion of hormones where too much is produced

A

Hypersecretion

45
Q

Abnormal secretion of hormones where normal hormone levels are present, but the tissue responds inappropriately

A

Abnormal Tissue Responsiveness

46
Q

Effects of combined hormone interactions where the effects of hormones oppose each other

A

Antagonism

47
Q

Effects of combined hormone interactions where a net effect equals the sum of the individual effects

A

Additive

48
Q

Effects of combined hormone interactions where hormones work together to cause the same effect, and net effects exceeds the sum of individual effects

A

Synergistic

49
Q

Effects of combined hormone interactions where one hormone is needed for another to exert its effects

A

Permissiveness

APK 2105 Exam 2 (5 decks)

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