Chapter 6: Endocrine System

Question 1

glandular tissue in brain responsible for melatonin release & light/dark cycle

Answer 1

Pineal Gland

Question 2

responsible for “mind/body connection”

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

gland responsible for major production and release of hormones

Answer 3

Pituitary Gland

Question 4

Neural Connection to Posterior Pituitary

• ​Supraoptic nucleus secrete _______; important for lactation
• Paraventricular nucleus secretes _____; important for release/attainment of water for kidneys

Answer 4

Neural Connection to Posterior Pituitary

• ​Supraoptic nucleus secrete oxytocin; important for lactation
• Paraventricular nucleus secretes ADH; important for release/attainment of water for kidneys

Question 5

Posterior Pituitary hormone:

located in the paraventricular nucleus & responsible for water balance and osmolarity

Answer 5

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin

Question 6

Posterior Pituitary hormone:

located in the supraoptic nucleus & responsible for milk ejection

Answer 6

Oxytocin

Question 7

type of hormone that affects the release of another hormone; 2 main functions?

Answer 7

Tropic Hormones; Releasing/Inhibiting Hormones

Question 8

3 components that control the Hypothalmic Tropic Hormone release?

Answer 8

Neural input, hormonal, & circadian rhythm

Question 9

Type of hypothalamic tropic hormone release responsible for negative feedback

Answer 9

Hormonal

Question 10

Area of the nucleus responsible for circadian rhythm of hypothalamic tropic hormone release

Answer 10

Suprachiasmatic nucleus of Hypothalamus

Question 11

Label the Negative Feedback Loop:

Answer 11

Question 12

Label Feedback Control: Cortisol

Answer 12

Question 13

Name & Describe hormones of the Thyroid Gland

Answer 13

T₄: Tetraiodothyronine, inactive

T3: Triiodothyronine, active in tissues

Calcitonin: regulates calcium levels in blood, decreasing

Question 14

Role of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

Answer 14

Regulates calcium levels in blood, increasing

Question 15

Gland that secretes thymosin, develops the immune system by producing white cells and regulates T-cell function

Answer 15

Thymus

Question 16

Hormones of the Adrenal Gland are referred to as?

Answer 16

Adrenocorticoids

Question 17

Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:

Regulates Na & K maintenance in ISF

Answer 17

Mineralcorticoids

Question 18

Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:

regulates stress response & metabolism; aka?

Answer 18

Glucocorticoid; Cortisol

Question 19

Hormones of the Adrenal Gland:

regulate reproductive function; aka?

Answer 19

Sex Hormones; Androgens

Question 20

What type of cells secrete Catechol?

Answer 20

Adrenocorticoid; Chromaffin cells

Question 21

Breakdown and function of Catechol?

Answer 21

80% epinephrine

20% NE

10% DA

Adrenocorticoid receptor important in Fight/flight response

Question 22

gland responsible for metabolism and digestion

Answer 22

Pancreas

Question 23

Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting glucagon

Answer 23

Alpha cell

Question 24

Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting insulin

Answer 24

Beta cell

Question 25

Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting somatostatin, GH inhibiting

Answer 25

Delta cell

Question 26

Pancreatic cell responsible for secreting pancreatic polypeptide to induce digestion

Answer 26

F cell

Question 27

What are gonads and name male and female gonads?

Answer 27

Sexual Reproductive Gland Male- testes Female- ovaries

Question 28

Hormones secreted by male gonads, testes?

Answer 28

Testosterone, androstenedione

Question 29

Hormones secreted by female testes, the ovaries

Answer 29

Estradiol/estrogen, Progesterone

Question 30

Name the 5 Secondary Endocrine Organs

Answer 30

Heart, Kidneys, GI Tract, Liver, Skin & Kidneys

Question 31

**_Secondary Endocrine Organ- Heart_** secretes what type of hormone?

Answer 31

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Question 32

**_Secondary Endocrine Organ-Kidneys_** secretes what type of hormone?

Answer 32

erythropoietin

Question 33

**_Secondary Endocrine Organ- GI Tract_** Secretes what types of hormones?

Answer 33

Cholecystokinin Secretin Gastrin

Question 34

**_Secondary Endocrine Organ-Liver_** secretes what type of hormone?

Answer 34

insulin-like growth factors (somatomedins)

Question 35

**_Secondary Endocrine Organ-Skin & Kidneys_** secretes what type of hormone?

Answer 35

calcitriol

Question 36

Factors that control the hormone levels in the blood? (3)

Answer 36

rate of hormone secretion amount of hormone bound to plasma proteins rate of hormone metabolism

Question 37

What is in charge of hormonal control of the circadian rhythm? How?

Answer 37

Melatonin, resets daily cycle based on light stimulus

Question 38

Peptides & catecholamines are dissolved in plasma and are therefore a ________ hormone

Answer 38

Peptides & catecholamines are dissolved in plasma and are therefore a **hydrophilic** hormone

Question 39

Steroids & thyroid hormones possess a longer half-life and must bind to carrier proteins for transport, therefore they are _________ hormones

Answer 39

Steroids & thyroid hormones must bind to carrier proteins for transport, therefore they are **hydrophobic** hormones

Question 40

In the transport of hydrophobic hormones, what type of hormone can only bind to the receptor and be metabolized?

Answer 40

Free Hormone

Question 41

The rate of hormone metabolism is determined by its sites which include? (3)

Answer 41

Target cell, blood, liver

Question 42

For the rate of hormone metabolism, ________ hormones can be stored in adipose tissue

Answer 42

For the rate of hormone metabolism, **lipophilic** hormones can be stored in adipose tissue

Question 43

Abnormal secretion of hormones where too little is produced

Answer 43

Hyposecretion

Question 44

Abnormal secretion of hormones where too much is produced

Answer 44

Hypersecretion

Question 45

Abnormal secretion of hormones where normal hormone levels are present, but the tissue responds inappropriately

Answer 45

Abnormal Tissue Responsiveness

Question 46

Effects of combined hormone interactions where the effects of hormones oppose each other

Answer 46

Antagonism

Question 47

Effects of combined hormone interactions where a net effect equals the sum of the individual effects

Answer 47

Additive

Question 48

Effects of combined hormone interactions where hormones work together to cause the same effect, and net effects exceeds the sum of individual effects

Answer 48

Synergistic

Question 49

Effects of combined hormone interactions where one hormone is needed for another to exert its effects

Answer 49

Permissiveness