Chapter 6 - Cell Division

Question 1

Stages of the cell cycle

Answer 1

Interphase mitotic phase, G0

Question 2

Stages of interphase

Answer 2

G1, S, G2

Question 3

G1

Answer 3

Organelles replicate and the cell grows

Question 4

S

Answer 4

DNA is replicated in the nucleus

Question 5

G2

Answer 5

The cell continues to grow and energy stores increase

Question 6

What is the mitotic phase?

Answer 6

Cell division
Consist of mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasm divides)

Question 7

What is G0

Answer 7

When a cell temporarily or permanently leaves the cell cycle
Due to
Differentiation
Damage DNA/cell death

Question 8

Where are the checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Answer 8

G1, G2, metaphase

Question 9

G1 checkpoint

Answer 9

Checks cell size growth and DNA damage
If checks not passed cell goes into G0

Question 10

G2 checkpoint

Answer 10

Check cell size DNA replication and damage
If checks not passed, problem, is waited out

Question 11

Metaphase checkpoint

Answer 11

Checks spindle fibre attachment
If checks failed, waited out

Question 12

Mitosis: prophase

Answer 12

Chromosomes condense nuclear envelope disappears

Question 13

Mitosis: metaphase

Answer 13

Chromosomes a line along the metaphase plate

Question 14

Mitosis: anaphase

Answer 14

Centromere divides
sister chromatids separate to opposite poles
spindle fibres contract to pull them apart

Question 15

Mitosis: Telophase

Answer 15

Chromatids assemble along opposite poles
detach from spindles,
Chromosomes decondense
nuclear envelopes reappear

Question 16

Significance of mitosis

Answer 16

Asexual reproduction
growth
Replacing of dead /damaged cells

Question 17

Significance of meiosis

Answer 17

Sexual reproduction
Produces genetic variation

Question 18

Meiosis: prophase one

Answer 18

Chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope disappears
Homologous chromosomes pair up (bivalents)
Crossing over of genes occurs

Question 19

Meiosis metaphase one

Answer 19

Bivalents align at the metaphase plate
Independent assortment (randomly)

Question 20

Meiosis anaphase one

Answer 20

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles
The centromeres don’t divide

Question 21

Meiosis telophase one

Answer 21

Nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes at opposite poles
Cytokinesis occurs (not part of Telophase)

Question 22

Meiosis, prophase, two

Answer 22

The nuclear envelopes breakdown and chromosomes condense

Question 23

Meiosis metaphase two

Answer 23

Chromosomes lineup along the metaphase plate

Question 24

Meiosis, anaphase, two

Answer 24

Centromere is divide and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibre contraction

Question 25

Meiosis, telophase, two

Answer 25

Nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes

Question 26

Products of meiosis and mitosis

Answer 26

Mitosis: 2 genetically identical diploid sister cells
Meiosis: four genetically, different haploid sister cells

Question 27

Types of stem cells

Answer 27

Toti potent
Pluripotent
Multipotent

Question 28

Totipotent stem cells

Answer 28

Differentiate into any cell type and tissues to make a whole organism

Question 29

Pluripotent stem cells

Answer 29

Differentiate into any cell type

Question 30

Multipotent stem cells

Answer 30

Differentiate into closely related cell types within a tissue

Question 31

Use of stem cells in medicine

Answer 31

Repair of damaged tissues