Chapter 6 - Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of the cell cycle

A

Interphase mitotic phase, G0

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2
Q

Stages of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

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3
Q

G1

A

Organelles replicate and the cell grows

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4
Q

S

A

DNA is replicated in the nucleus

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5
Q

G2

A

The cell continues to grow and energy stores increase

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6
Q

What is the mitotic phase?

A

Cell division
Consist of mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasm divides)

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7
Q

What is G0

A

When a cell temporarily or permanently leaves the cell cycle
Due to
Differentiation
Damage DNA/cell death

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8
Q

Where are the checkpoints in the cell cycle?

A

G1, G2, metaphase

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9
Q

G1 checkpoint

A

Checks cell size growth and DNA damage
If checks not passed cell goes into G0

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10
Q

G2 checkpoint

A

Check cell size DNA replication and damage
If checks not passed, problem, is waited out

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11
Q

Metaphase checkpoint

A

Checks spindle fibre attachment
If checks failed, waited out

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12
Q

Mitosis: prophase

A

Chromosomes condense nuclear envelope disappears

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13
Q

Mitosis: metaphase

A

Chromosomes a line along the metaphase plate

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14
Q

Mitosis: anaphase

A

Centromere divides
sister chromatids separate to opposite poles
spindle fibres contract to pull them apart

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15
Q

Mitosis: Telophase

A

Chromatids assemble along opposite poles
detach from spindles,
Chromosomes decondense
nuclear envelopes reappear

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16
Q

Significance of mitosis

A

Asexual reproduction
growth
Replacing of dead /damaged cells

17
Q

Significance of meiosis

A

Sexual reproduction
Produces genetic variation

18
Q

Meiosis: prophase one

A

Chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope disappears
Homologous chromosomes pair up (bivalents)
Crossing over of genes occurs

19
Q

Meiosis metaphase one

A

Bivalents align at the metaphase plate
Independent assortment (randomly)

20
Q

Meiosis anaphase one

A

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles
The centromeres don’t divide

21
Q

Meiosis telophase one

A

Nuclear envelope reforms around the chromosomes at opposite poles
Cytokinesis occurs (not part of Telophase)

22
Q

Meiosis, prophase, two

A

The nuclear envelopes breakdown and chromosomes condense

23
Q

Meiosis metaphase two

A

Chromosomes lineup along the metaphase plate

24
Q

Meiosis, anaphase, two

A

Centromere is divide and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibre contraction

25
Meiosis, telophase, two
Nuclear envelopes reform around the chromosomes
26
Products of meiosis and mitosis
Mitosis: 2 genetically identical diploid sister cells Meiosis: four genetically, different haploid sister cells
27
Types of stem cells
Toti potent Pluripotent Multipotent
28
Totipotent stem cells
Differentiate into any cell type and tissues to make a whole organism
29
Pluripotent stem cells
Differentiate into any cell type
30
Multipotent stem cells
Differentiate into closely related cell types within a tissue
31
Use of stem cells in medicine
Repair of damaged tissues