Chapter 10 - Classification and Evolution Flashcards
Define taxonomy
the study of the principles of classification of organisms according to their observable features or genetic characteristics
what are the taxonomic groups
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
how to describe the taxonomic groups
heirarchical
What system of classification has been recently added, where does it fall
The domain system, above kingdom (at the top of the hierarchy)
Reasons for classification
- identification of a species
- prediction of characteristics
- identification of evolutionary links
what is the purpose of having a universal system of classification
- understood worldwide by scientists so they can share their research and see links between different organisms even on different continents
What are the 3 domains
archaea, bacteria and eukarya
define species
a group of individual organisms whose members are able to interbreed freely to produce fertile, viable offspring
define classification
The process by which living organisms are sorted into groups, organisms in the same group share similar features
why are hyrbrids infertile
- different numbers of chromosomes so they cannot pair to form bivalents
- crossing over of DNA cant occur
features of Eukarya
- membrane bound organelles
- nucleus
features of archaea
- live in harsh environments
- phospholipid monolayer
- circular dna
- no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
features of bacteria
- peptidoglycan cell wall
- circular dna
- no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
who and why made domain system
carl woese noticed the rRNA of prokaryotes had differences
- differences in protein synthesis
why use binomial nomenclature
- globally recognized to avoid confusion
- show close relation
- easy sorting
- every single species has a unique name
what does binomial nomenclature show
genus (capital)
species (lowercase)
how to write binomial nomenclature (typed/written)
typed: italics
written: underlined
what are the 5 kingdoms
- Animalia
- Plantae
- Fungi
- Protoctista
- Prokaryotae
what are the levels of classification
molecular, embryological, anatomical and behavioural
ribosomes/ protein synthesis of eukarya
80S
rna polymerase has 12 proteins
ribosomes/ protein synthesis of archaea
70S
rna polymerase has 8-10 proteins
ribosomes/ protein synthesis of bacteria
70S
rna polymerase has 5 proteins
define phylogeny
the study of how closely related different species are (evolutionary relationships)
define phylogenetic classification
- differentiating organisms on genetics
- more similar dna or amino acid sequence = more closely related