Chapter 6: Cancer Staging Flashcards
What is the most widely used Cancer Staging by the hospitals?
The TNM Cancer Staging
What does the “T” in TNM Cancer Staging mean?
Refers to the size and extent of the primary tumor.
What does the “N” in TNM Cancer Staging mean?
Refers to the number of nearby lymph nodes that contain cancer.
What does the “M” in TNM Cancer Staging mean?
Refers to whether the cancer has metastasize.
Clinical staging is based on what?
On the results of tests and indicated by a lowercase “c” before the TNM classification.
Pathological staging is based on what?
On information about the tumor itself and indicated with a lowercase “p”
In TNM What does “TX” mean?
Main tumor cannot be measured.
In TNM What does “T0” mean?
Main tumor cannot be identified.
In TNM What does “T1, T2, T3, T4” mean?
The higher the number, the larger the tumor.
In TNM What does “NX” mean?
Cancer is nearby lymph nodes cannot be measured.
In TNM What does “N0” mean?
There is no cancer nearby the lymph nodes.
In TNM What does “N1, N2, N3” mean?
The more lymph nodes with cancer, the larger the number assigned.
In TNM What does “MX” mean?
Metastasis cannot be measured.
In TNM What does “M0” mean?
Cancer has not spread to other parts of the body.
In TNM What does “M1” mean?
Cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
