Chapter 6- Basic Blood Vessels

Question 0

What are the 2 types of blood circulation?

Answer 0

The systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation

Question 1

What are the 5 types of blood vessels ?

Answer 1

Arteries-Arterioles- capillaries-Venules-Veins

Question 2

What are the 3 types of layers forming the arteries aterioles veins and Venules ?

Answer 2

The tunica intima, the tunica media and the tunica externa

Question 3

Is the endothelium continuous with the endocardium ?

Answer 3

Yes surrounding the lumen

Question 4

What about the structure of the capillaries?

Answer 4

They are formed with one layer : the endothelium

Question 5

What constitutes the tunica intima ?

Answer 5

The endothelium, the sub endothelium layer and the internal elastic membrane

Question 6

What constitutes the tunica media?

Answer 6

Smooth muscle and elastic fibres and an external elastic membrane. Elastic fibres allow the vessels to distend and retract and smooth muscle to contract. The constriction of a vessel leads to a narrowest lumen.Vasocontriction and vasodilation of those vessels are then possible.
The tunica media also contains the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 7

What constitutes the tunica externa ?

Answer 7

Collagen fibres and the vasa vasorum

Question 8

What do the kind of arteries that are closest to the heart contain more in the tunica media and how are they called?

Answer 8

The elastic arteries, they contain more elastic fibres in the tunica media allowing then to retract or dilate

Question 9

What happens with atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis vascular disease ?

Answer 9

The arteries will be less elastic

Question 10

Why are the muscular arteries called so ?

Answer 10

Because the tunica media contains more smooth muscle than others arteries allowing constriction or dilation

Question 11

Arterioles carry blood into ?

Answer 11

Capillary beds

Question 12

The wall of veins or Venules is always thiner than corresponding arteries or Arterioles true or false ?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The lumen of veins or Venules is always larger than the corresponding lumen of arteries or Arterioles, true or false?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What blood flow refers to ?

Answer 14

The volume of blood that moves to an organ or through a blood vessel or in the entire circulation per unit of time ( minutes); cardiac output= blood flow
The blood goes down through a pressure gradient, from high to low pressure regions

Question 15

What is the definition of blood pressure ?

Answer 15

The force that is exerted per unit of surface area against the inner wall of blood vessel in millimetres of mercury (mmHg). Resistance to blood flow creates blood pressure.

Question 16

What is resistance ?

Answer 16

Anything that opposes blood flow or makes It difficult for blood to flow through the system. Vascular resistance = peripheral resistance

Question 17

What are the factors of vascular resistance?

Answer 17

Diameter of vessels, blood viscosity ( eg polycythemia or anaemia), the length of the vessels.

Question 18

When do we generate systolic pressure in the blood vessels ?

Answer 18

During contraction of the left ventricle at the end of systole the highest pressure is generated in the aorta and arteries

Question 19

When does diastolic pressure occur ?

Answer 19

During ventricular diastole, at the end of diastole the diastolic pressure in the large arteries is achieved

Question 20

What are the 2 anatomical factors in the venous systemic circulation helping the blood flow towards the right atrium ?

Answer 20

The venous valves and the contraction of skeletal muscles on venous walls. Also when you inhale pressure in your thoracic cavity falls and helps the return of venous blood flow

Question 21

What is the normal blood pressure in a resting adult ( non pregnant) ?

Answer 21

Systolic blood pressure < ~120 mmHg

Diastolic blood pressure<~ 80 mmHg

Question 22

What factors influence mean arterial pressure ?

Answer 22

Cardiac output and resistance

Question 23

Which vessels are the one creating the more resistance ?

Answer 23

Arterioles

Question 24

Which blood vessels are the major determinant of peripheral resistance?

Answer 24

Arterioles

Question 25

Is blood pressure lowest in large veins or Venules?

Answer 25

Large veins

Question 26

Is resistance to blood flow highest in Arterioles or large arteries?

Answer 26

Arterioles

Question 27

Is blood pressure highest in Arterioles or in large arteries?

Answer 27

Large arteries

Question 28

Which layer of an arterial wall is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and the continuous flow of blood through the circulation?

Answer 28

Tunica media

Question 29

Is it blood vessel length, blood vessel diameter or blood viscosity the factor that has the biggest impact on peripheral resistance?

Answer 29

Blood Vessel diameter

Question 30

When practitioners assess blood pressure, they listen carefully for the first Korotkoff sound, what does this sound correspond to ?

Answer 30

Systolic blood pressure

Question 31

Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure of greater than what numbers ?

Answer 31

Systolic pressure > 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure > 90 mmHg

Question 32

What are the 3 primary factors determining hight blood pressure?

Answer 32

Peripheral resistance, blood volume and cardiac output