Chapter 6 and 8 exam

Question 1

__________________ are methods of asking people questions face-to-face,
on the phone, on written questionnaires, or online.

Answer 1

Surveys & Polls

Question 2

The success and efficacy of surveys and polls are
predicated on their _________________.

Answer 2

Construct validity

Question 3

“What do you think of this class?” is an example of what type of question?

Answer 3

Open ended

Question 4

“They provide researchers with a lot of rich
information” is a pro of what type of question?

Answer 4

Open ended

Question 5

What are the cons of open ended questions?

Answer 5

1. Sorting through different responses can be hard and take a long time
2. Researchers might limit the answers people can give

Question 6

“Do you like this class so far? (Yes or No)” is an example of what type of question?

Answer 6

Forced-choice

Question 7

“I liked this class” (provided with answers that are anchored by
strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree) is an example of what type of question?

Answer 7

Likert-scale

Question 8

“Rate your professor on the level of
difficulty 1 [show up and pass] to 5 [hardest thing
I’ve ever done]” is an example of what type of question?

Answer 8

Semantic differential

Question 9

_________________ are questions worded in such a way that they
influence responses

Answer 9

Leading questions

Question 10

_________________ are questions that ask two questions at once

Answer 10

Double-barrelled questions

Question 11

___________________ have low construct validity

Answer 11

Double-barrelled questions

Question 12

A ________________________ is a question that contains negatively
phrased statements, making its wording
complicated or confusing and potentially
weakening construct validity

Answer 12

Negatively worded question

Question 13

The _____________________________ in which questions are asked can
influence subsequent responses to later
questions

Answer 13

Order

Question 14

__________________________ is a way of answering several questions in the
same way

Answer 14

Response sets (nondifferentiation)

Question 15

_____________________ can weaken construct validity

Answer 15

Response sets (nondifferentiation)

Question 16

_________________________ is a response set in which someone responds
“strongly agree” to many or all questions

Answer 16

Acquiescence (yea-saying)

Question 17

______________________________ is a response set in which someone provides
responses from the middle of the scale or N/A

Answer 17

Fence sitting

Question 18

_______________ is attempting to look better than we are

Answer 18

Faking good

Question 19

_________________ is attempting to look worse than we are

Answer 19

Faking bad

Question 20

______________________ is studies in which a researcher watches people
or animals and systematically records their
actions

Answer 20

Observational research

Question 21

____________________________ is when when observers’ expectations influence their
interpretations of participants’ behaviors or the outcome of the research.

Answer 21

Observer bias

Question 22

______________________________ is when observers change the behavior of the participants to match the observer’s
expectations

Answer 22

Observer effects

Question 23

___________________ is when people change their behavior in some way
when they know that someone else is watching
them

Answer 23

Reactivity

Question 24

________________________ are associations that involve exactly two variables

Answer 24

Bivariate correlations

Question 25

___________________ and ______________________ are useful
when dealing with quantitative data

Answer 25

Correlations and scatter plots

Question 26

________________ describes the strength of an
association

Answer 26

Effect size

Question 27

An _______________________ is one or more extreme scores that lie far away from the
rest of the scores.

Answer 27

Outlier

Question 28

Outliers are most influential when the sample is ________________

Answer 28

Small

Question 29

___________________ is when there is not a full range of scores on
one of the variables in an association in a
correlational study

Answer 29

Restriction of range

Question 30

Restriction of range can be fixed by ______________________________

Answer 30

Increasing sample size

Question 31

_____________________ is when one in which the correlation coefficient
is zero (or close to zero), and the
relationship between two variables isn’t
a straight line

Answer 31

Curvilinear

Question 32

A _________________ is when there is only an association present because of a third variable

Answer 32

Spurious association